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Beryllium
Beryllium

Lithium
Lithium



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Beryllium Lithium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Be
Li
1.2 Group Number
21
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.7 Period Number
22
Sodium
2 7
1.8 Block
s block
s block
1.9 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Alkali
1.10 CAS Number
74404177439932
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.14 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
1.15 Space Group Number
194.00229.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
3.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Johan August Arfwedson
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1797
In 1817
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %6 * 10-7 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~0.00017 %
Palladium
1E-08 0.1
3.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
3.4.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
3.4.7 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
3.4.9 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
NA
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
4.2.5 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.1.30 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,278.00 °C180.54 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
6.3 Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C1,347.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
6.4 Appearance
6.4.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
6.4.2 Color
White Gray
Silvery White
6.4.3 Luster
Metallic
NA
6.5 Hardness
6.5.1 Mohs Hardness
5.500.60
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
7.1.1 Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa5.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
7.2.1 Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPaNA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
7.5 Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s6,000.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
7.6 Optical Properties
7.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
7.6.3 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
7.7 Allotropes
7.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
Be
Li
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
98
Tennessine Metal
0 38
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.570.98
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
8.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.810.89
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
8.5.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.470.97
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
8.5.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.540.97
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
9.2.2 Allen Electronegativity
1.580.91
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.433.02
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
9.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol7,298.10 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
9.5.4 3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol11,815.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
9.5.6 4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/molNA
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
9.5.8 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
9.5.9 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
9.5.10 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
9.6.2 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
9.7.2 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
9.7.4 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
9.7.5 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
9.7.7 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
9.7.9 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
9.7.10 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
9.7.12 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
9.7.14 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
9.7.15 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
9.7.17 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
9.7.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
9.7.21 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
9.7.23 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
9.7.24 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
9.7.26 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
9.7.27 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
9.7.29 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
9.7.30 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
9.7.32 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
9.7.34 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
9.7.35 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
9.7.37 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr0.26 g/amp-hr
Palladium
0.16812 8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
4.98 eV2.90 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
43
Sodium
3 117
10.2 Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2
[He] 2s1
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
43
Sodium
3 117
10.4.4 Number of Neutrons
54
Sodium
4 184
10.4.6 Number of Electrons
43
Sodium
3 117
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
112.00 pm152.00 pm
Palladium
112 265
10.5.3 Covalent Radius
96.00 pm128.00 pm
Palladium
96 260
10.5.4 Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm182.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
10.6 Atomic Weight
9.01 amu6.94 amu
Sodium
6.94 294
10.7 Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol13.10 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.8.1 Previous Element
10.8.2 Next Element
10.9 Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)19.00 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
10.10 Lattice Constant
228.58 pm351.00 pm
Palladium
228.58 891.25
10.12 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57NA
Cadmium Metal
1.567 1.886
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm30.53 g/cm3
Palladium
0.534 40.7
11.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm30.51 g/cm3
Sodium
0.512 20
12.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
12.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
12.7 Vapor Pressure
12.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)109.00 (Pa)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
12.7.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
12.8 Elasticity properties
12.8.1 Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa4.20 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
12.8.3 Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa11.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
12.8.4 Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa4.90 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
12.10 Poisson Ratio
0.03NA
Iron
0.032 0.47
12.11 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
1.850.53
Palladium
0.53 4500
13.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
13.2.1 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
13.4 Electrical Properties
13.4.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
13.4.2 Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m92.80 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
13.4.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω0.11 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
1.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol59.60 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
2 Thermal
2.1 Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)3.60 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
3.2 Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K24.86 J/mol·K
Palladium
16.443 62.7
3.3 Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K84.80 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
3.4 Critical Temperature
NA3,223.00 K
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
3.6 Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)46.00 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
3.9 Enthalpy
3.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol134.70 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
3.9.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol3.00 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
3.10.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol160.70 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
3.11 Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K29.10 J/mol.K
Palladium
9.5 198.1