1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
1.9 CAS Number
74405207440097
7429905
54386242
1.10 Space Group Name
1.11 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
2.2 Sources
Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Humphry Davy
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %3 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.5.1 Abundance In Meteorites
2.6.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.6.4 Abundance In Oceans
1.2.1 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
2.2.2 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
2.2.3 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
2.2.4 Other Uses
2.3 Biological Properties
2.3.1 Toxicity
2.3.2 Present in Human Body
2.3.3 In Blood
NA1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
2.6.1 In Bone
NA2,100.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,522.00 °C63.65 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C774.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.2.4 Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa0.36 MPa
0.14
3490
6.2.2 Vickers Hardness
6.7 Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s2,000.00 m/s
818
16200
6.8 Optical Properties
6.8.1 Refractive Index
6.9.1 Reflectivity
6.11 Allotropes
6.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.4.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.4.8 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.4.11 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.6.2 Allen Electronegativity
8.7 Electropositivity
8.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.8 Ionization Energies
8.8.1 1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol418.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.8.5 2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol3,052.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.8.9 3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol4,420.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.8.13 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol5,877.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.8.16 5th Energy Level
NA7,975.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.8.19 6th Energy Level
NA9,590.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
8.8.24 7th Energy level
NA11,343.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
8.8.27 8th Energy Level
NA14,944.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
8.8.31 9th Energy Level
NA16,963.70 kJ/mol
14110
134700
8.8.36 10th Energy Level
NA48,610.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
8.8.40 11th Energy Level
NA54,490.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
8.8.44 12th Energy Level
NA60,730.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
8.8.49 13th Energy Level
NA68,950.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
8.9.2 14th Energy Level
NA75,900.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
9.1.1 15th Energy Level
NA83,080.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
9.4.2 16th Energy Level
NA93,400.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
9.4.5 17th Energy Level
NA99,710.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
9.4.8 18th Energy Level
9.5.4 19th Energy Level
9.6.1 20th Energy Level
9.7.1 21st Energy Level
9.8.1 22nd Energy Level
9.12.1 23rd Energy Level
9.14.1 24th Energy Level
11.1.2 25th Energy Level
11.1.4 26th Energy Level
11.5.2 27th Energy Level
11.7.2 28th Energy Level
11.7.5 29th Energy Level
11.8.2 30th Energy Level
11.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr1.46 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
11.11 Electron Work Function
12.2 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.3 Electron Configuration
13.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
13.4.1 Crystal Lattice
13.5 Atom
13.5.1 Number of Protons
13.6.1 Number of Neutrons
14.2.1 Number of Electrons
14.6 Radius of an Atom
14.6.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm227.00 pm
112
265
14.9.1 Covalent Radius
189.00 pm203.00 pm
96
260
14.10.2 Van der Waals Radius
14.12 Atomic Weight
167.26 amu39.10 amu
6.94
294
14.16 Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol45.46 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
15.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
15.2.1 Previous Element
15.2.2 Next Element
15.3 Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)10.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
15.4 Lattice Constant
355.88 pm532.80 pm
228.58
891.25
15.6 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
15.7 Lattice C/A Ratio
16 Mechanical
16.1 Density
16.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm30.86 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
16.3.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm30.83 g/cm3
0.512
20
16.4 Tensile Strength
16.5 Viscosity
16.7 Vapor Pressure
16.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.7.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
16.8 Elasticity properties
16.8.1 Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa1.30 GPa
1.3
222
16.8.2 Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa3.10 GPa
1.6
462
16.8.4 Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa3.53 GPa
1.7
528
16.9 Poisson Ratio
16.11 Other Mechanical Properties
17 Magnetic
17.1 Magnetic Characteristics
17.1.1 Specific Gravity
17.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
17.1.3 Permeability
17.1.4 Susceptibility
18.2 Electrical Properties
18.2.1 Electrical Property
18.2.2 Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m72.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
18.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
18.2.6 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol48.40 kJ/mol
0
222.8
19 Thermal
19.1 Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)0.75 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
19.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K29.60 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
19.4 Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K102.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
19.5 Critical Temperature
19.6 Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)83.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
19.7 Enthalpy
19.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol77.50 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
19.7.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol2.32 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
20.1.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol89.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
20.2 Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K64.70 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1