1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.9 Block
1.10 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.11 CAS Number
74399657440202
7429905
54386242
1.12 Space Group Name
1.13 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
Lars Fredrik Nilson
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-4 %3 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
3.5.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.001 %~0.000004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.6.2 Abundance In Meteorites
3.6.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.6.8 Abundance In Oceans
3.6.10 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
-
Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.3.1 In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,245.00 °C1,539.00 °C
27
3410
5.3 Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C2,832.00 °C
147
5660
5.4 Appearance
5.4.1 Physical State
5.4.2 Color
5.4.3 Luster
5.5 Hardness
5.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.3.4 Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa750.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.3.6 Vickers Hardness
8.2 Speed of Sound
8.6 Optical Properties
8.6.1 Refractive Index
8.7.1 Reflectivity
8.10 Allotropes
8.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.6.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
10.2.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.3.4 Allen Electronegativity
10.5 Electropositivity
10.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
10.6 Ionization Energies
10.6.1 1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol633.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.7.3 2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol1,235.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.9.1 3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol2,388.60 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.12.1 4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol7,090.60 kJ/mol
2780
37066
10.12.5 5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol8,843.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
10.14.3 6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol10,679.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
11.1.5 7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol13,310.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
11.1.9 8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol15,250.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
11.1.13 9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol17,370.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
11.2.3 10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol21,726.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
11.3.3 11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol24,102.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
11.4.4 12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol66,320.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
11.4.9 13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol73,010.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
11.6.1 14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol80,160.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
11.7.2 15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol89,490.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
11.7.3 16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol97,400.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
12.1.2 17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol105,600.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
12.1.4 18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol117,000.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
12.5.1 19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol124,270.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
13.1.3 20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
13.1.5 21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
13.1.10 22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/molNA
93400
184900
13.1.13 23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/molNA
98420
198800
13.2.3 24th Energy Level
13.3.4 25th Energy Level
13.3.6 26th Energy Level
13.3.10 27th Energy Level
13.4.1 28th Energy Level
13.4.4 29th Energy Level
13.6.1 30th Energy Level
14.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr0.56 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
14.9 Electron Work Function
15.2 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
16 Atomic
16.1 Atomic Number
17.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
17.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
17.3.1 Crystal Lattice
17.4 Atom
17.4.1 Number of Protons
17.5.3 Number of Neutrons
17.7.1 Number of Electrons
17.9 Radius of an Atom
17.9.1 Atomic Radius
127.00 pm162.00 pm
112
265
17.11.2 Covalent Radius
139.00 pm170.00 pm
96
260
17.11.6 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm211.00 pm
139
348
17.14 Atomic Weight
54.94 amu44.96 amu
6.94
294
17.16 Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol15.00 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
17.18 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
17.18.1 Previous Element
17.18.2 Next Element
17.19 Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)58.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
17.20 Lattice Constant
891.25 pm330.90 pm
228.58
891.25
17.24 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
17.25 Lattice C/A Ratio
18 Mechanical
18.1 Density
18.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm32.99 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
19.3.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm32.80 g/cm3
0.512
20
20.2 Tensile Strength
20.4 Viscosity
20.5 Vapor Pressure
20.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
20.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA91.30 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
20.7 Elasticity properties
20.7.1 Shear Modulus
21.1.1 Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa56.60 GPa
1.6
462
21.3.1 Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa74.40 GPa
1.7
528
21.4 Poisson Ratio
21.7 Other Mechanical Properties
22 Magnetic
22.1 Magnetic Characteristics
22.1.1 Specific Gravity
22.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
22.2.3 Permeability
22.3.1 Susceptibility
22.4 Electrical Properties
22.4.1 Electrical Property
22.4.2 Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m562.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
22.6.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
23.1.2 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol18.10 kJ/mol
0
222.8
24 Thermal
24.1 Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)0.60 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
24.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K25.52 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
24.5 Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K15.80 W/m·K
6.3
429
24.6 Critical Temperature
24.7 Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)10.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
24.8 Enthalpy
24.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol314.20 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
25.1.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol14.10 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
25.2.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol343.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
25.4 Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K34.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1