1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
3.7 Period Number
3.10 Block
3.11 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
3.12 CAS Number
74400087440484
7429905
54386242
3.17 Space Group Name
3.18 Space Group Number
6 Facts
6.1 Interesting Facts
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
6.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
6.3 History
6.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Georg Brandt
6.3.2 Discovery
6.5 Abundance
6.5.2 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %3 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
6.9.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
6.12.1 Abundance In Meteorites
6.12.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.17.1 Abundance In Oceans
7.1.2 Abundance In Humans
8 Uses
8.1 Uses & Benefits
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
-
Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
8.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
8.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
8.1.4 Other Uses
8.2 Biological Properties
8.2.1 Toxicity
8.2.3 Present in Human Body
8.2.4 In Blood
NA0.04 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
8.2.7 In Bone
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
1,010.00 °C1,495.00 °C
27
3410
9.3 Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C2,870.00 °C
147
5660
9.4 Appearance
9.4.1 Physical State
9.4.2 Color
9.4.3 Luster
9.5 Hardness
9.5.1 Mohs Hardness
9.5.3 Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa470.00 MPa
0.14
3490
10.1.1 Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa1,043.00 MPa
121
3430
10.3 Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s4,720.00 m/s
818
16200
10.5 Optical Properties
10.5.1 Refractive Index
10.6.1 Reflectivity
10.7 Allotropes
10.7.1 α Allotropes
10.7.2 β Allotropes
10.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
11.4 Electronegativity
11.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
11.5.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
11.5.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
11.5.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
11.5.7 Allen Electronegativity
11.7 Electropositivity
11.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
11.8 Ionization Energies
11.8.1 1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
11.8.2 2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol1,648.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
11.8.3 3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol3,232.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.8.4 4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol4,950.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
11.8.5 5th Energy Level
NA7,670.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
11.8.6 6th Energy Level
NA9,840.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
11.8.7 7th Energy level
NA12,440.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
11.8.8 8th Energy Level
NA15,230.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
11.8.9 9th Energy Level
NA17,959.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
11.8.10 10th Energy Level
NA26,570.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
11.8.11 11th Energy Level
NA29,400.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
11.8.12 12th Energy Level
NA32,400.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
11.8.13 13th Energy Level
NA36,600.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
11.8.14 14th Energy Level
NA39,700.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
11.8.15 15th Energy Level
NA42,800.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
11.8.16 16th Energy Level
NA49,396.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
11.8.17 17th Energy Level
NA52,737.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
11.8.18 18th Energy Level
NA134,810.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
11.8.19 19th Energy Level
NA145,170.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
11.8.20 20th Energy Level
NA154,700.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
11.8.21 21st Energy Level
NA167,400.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
11.8.22 22nd Energy Level
NA178,100.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
11.8.23 23rd Energy Level
NA189,300.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
11.8.24 24th Energy Level
11.8.25 25th Energy Level
11.8.26 26th Energy Level
11.8.27 27th Energy Level
11.8.28 28th Energy Level
11.8.29 29th Energy Level
11.8.30 30th Energy Level
11.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
11.10 Electron Work Function
11.11 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Chemical Stability, Ionization
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
12.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
12.3.1 Crystal Lattice
12.4 Atom
12.4.1 Number of Protons
12.4.2 Number of Neutrons
12.4.3 Number of Electrons
12.5 Radius of an Atom
12.5.1 Atomic Radius
181.00 pm147.00 pm
112
265
12.5.2 Covalent Radius
201.00 pm160.00 pm
96
260
12.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
12.6 Atomic Weight
144.24 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
12.7 Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
12.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
12.8.1 Previous Element
12.8.2 Next Element
12.9 Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)
8
392.42
12.10 Lattice Constant
365.80 pm295.08 pm
228.58
891.25
12.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
12.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
13 Mechanical
13.1 Density
13.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
13.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm34.11 g/cm3
0.512
20
13.2 Tensile Strength
13.3 Viscosity
13.4 Vapor Pressure
13.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
13.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)0.98 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
13.5 Elasticity properties
13.5.1 Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa44.00 GPa
1.3
222
13.5.2 Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa110.00 GPa
1.6
462
13.5.3 Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa116.00 GPa
1.7
528
13.6 Poisson Ratio
13.7 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
14.1.3 Permeability
14.1.4 Susceptibility
14.2 Electrical Properties
14.2.1 Electrical Property
14.2.2 Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol7.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
15.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
15.3 Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
15.4 Critical Temperature
15.5 Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)8.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
15.6 Enthalpy
15.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
15.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
15.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
15.7 Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1