1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
1.9 Block
1.10 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.11 CAS Number
74400087440188
7429905
54386242
2.2 Space Group Name
2.3 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
4.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Karl Ernst Claus
4.3.2 Discovery
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %4 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
4.7.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %~0.0000005 %
1E-08
0.1
4.12.3 Abundance In Meteorites
5.5.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.1.3 Abundance In Oceans
6.1.7 Abundance In Humans
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
7.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
7.1.2 Medical Uses
7.1.3 Other Uses
7.2 Biological Properties
7.2.1 Toxicity
7.2.2 Present in Human Body
7.2.3 In Blood
7.4.3 In Bone
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
1,010.00 °C2,250.00 °C
27
3410
9.4 Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C3,900.00 °C
147
5660
9.6 Appearance
9.6.1 Physical State
9.6.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
9.6.3 Luster
9.7 Hardness
9.7.1 Mohs Hardness
10.3.5 Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa2,160.00 MPa
0.14
3490
10.4.7 Vickers Hardness
11.2 Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s5,970.00 m/s
818
16200
11.4 Optical Properties
11.4.1 Refractive Index
12.1.2 Reflectivity
12.4 Allotropes
12.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13 Chemical
13.1 Chemical Formula
13.3 Isotopes
13.3.1 Known Isotopes
13.5 Electronegativity
13.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
14.1.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
14.2.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
14.5.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
14.8.2 Allen Electronegativity
15.2 Electropositivity
15.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
16.6 Ionization Energies
16.6.1 1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
16.6.3 2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol710.22 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
17.3.2 3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol2,747.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
17.4.3 4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
17.5.1 5th Energy Level
17.6.3 6th Energy Level
17.7.4 7th Energy level
17.8.4 8th Energy Level
17.8.7 9th Energy Level
17.11.2 10th Energy Level
17.13.3 11th Energy Level
17.13.8 12th Energy Level
17.15.6 13th Energy Level
17.17.3 14th Energy Level
17.19.4 15th Energy Level
18.1.5 16th Energy Level
18.1.10 17th Energy Level
18.1.14 18th Energy Level
18.3.2 19th Energy Level
18.5.1 20th Energy Level
18.6.2 21st Energy Level
18.8.3 22nd Energy Level
18.9.1 23rd Energy Level
19.3.1 24th Energy Level
19.3.2 25th Energy Level
19.6.4 26th Energy Level
19.6.5 27th Energy Level
19.6.9 28th Energy Level
19.6.11 29th Energy Level
19.7.2 30th Energy Level
19.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr1.26 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
20.3 Electron Work Function
20.4 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
21 Atomic
21.1 Atomic Number
21.4 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
21.5 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
21.5.1 Crystal Lattice
21.6 Atom
21.6.1 Number of Protons
21.6.5 Number of Neutrons
21.7.3 Number of Electrons
22.2 Radius of an Atom
22.2.1 Atomic Radius
181.00 pm134.00 pm
112
265
22.4.1 Covalent Radius
201.00 pm146.00 pm
96
260
22.4.3 Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
22.8 Atomic Weight
144.24 amu101.07 amu
6.94
294
23.3 Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol8.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
23.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
23.6.1 Previous Element
23.6.2 Next Element
23.7 Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)64.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
23.11 Lattice Constant
365.80 pm270.59 pm
228.58
891.25
23.13 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
23.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
25 Mechanical
25.1 Density
25.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm312.45 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
1.4.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm310.65 g/cm3
0.512
20
1.7 Tensile Strength
1.8 Viscosity
1.9 Vapor Pressure
1.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.9.4 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
1.12 Elasticity properties
1.12.1 Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa173.00 GPa
1.3
222
1.14.2 Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa220.00 GPa
1.6
462
1.15.3 Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa447.00 GPa
1.7
528
2.3 Poisson Ratio
2.5 Other Mechanical Properties
3 Magnetic
3.1 Magnetic Characteristics
3.1.1 Specific Gravity
3.1.4 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
3.1.5 Permeability
3.4.3 Susceptibility
3.6 Electrical Properties
3.6.1 Electrical Property
3.6.2 Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m71.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
1.4.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
2.2.1 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol101.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
4 Thermal
4.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
4.3 Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K24.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
4.7 Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K117.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
2.5 Critical Temperature
2.8 Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)6.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
2.10 Enthalpy
2.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol567.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
2.10.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol25.50 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
2.11.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol603.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
2.12 Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K28.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1