1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.5 Period Number
3.2 Block
3.3 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
3.4 CAS Number
74400317440008
7429905
54386242
3.6 Space Group Name
3.7 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
4.2 Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett
Carl Auer von Welsbach
4.3.3 Discovery
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
4.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %~0.0000003 %
1E-08
0.1
4.4.6 Abundance In Meteorites
4.5.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.2.5 Abundance In Oceans
6.2.2 Abundance In Humans
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
7.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
7.1.2 Medical Uses
7.1.3 Other Uses
7.2 Biological Properties
7.2.1 Toxicity
7.2.2 Present in Human Body
7.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
8.1.1 In Bone
2 Physical
2.1 Melting Point
2,468.00 °C1,010.00 °C
27
3410
2.3 Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C3,127.00 °C
147
5660
2.9 Appearance
2.9.1 Physical State
2.9.2 Color
2.9.3 Luster
2.10 Hardness
2.10.1 Mohs Hardness
2.11.2 Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa265.00 MPa
0.14
3490
2.14.3 Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa345.00 MPa
121
3430
3.6 Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s2,330.00 m/s
818
16200
3.7 Optical Properties
3.7.1 Refractive Index
3.8.3 Reflectivity
3.9 Allotropes
3.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4 Chemical
4.1 Chemical Formula
4.2 Isotopes
4.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.3.6 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.4.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.5 Electropositivity
1.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
1.3 Ionization Energies
1.3.2 1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol533.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
1.3.1 2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol1,040.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
1.8.1 3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol2,130.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
1.13.1 4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol3,900.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
2.3.2 5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
2.6.3 6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
3.4.3 7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
3.4.7 8th Energy Level
4.2.8 9th Energy Level
4.2.15 10th Energy Level
4.2.20 11th Energy Level
1.10.2 12th Energy Level
2.1.4 13th Energy Level
2.5.4 14th Energy Level
2.9.2 15th Energy Level
2.13.1 16th Energy Level
2.14.2 17th Energy Level
4.3.2 18th Energy Level
5.3.2 19th Energy Level
5.4.2 20th Energy Level
5.4.5 21st Energy Level
5.5.4 22nd Energy Level
5.5.6 23rd Energy Level
5.7.2 24th Energy Level
5.7.5 25th Energy Level
6.4.1 26th Energy Level
6.6.1 27th Energy Level
7.1.1 28th Energy Level
7.4.2 29th Energy Level
8.3.1 30th Energy Level
8.4 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr1.79 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.7 Electron Work Function
8.10 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
10.7 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
10.8 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
10.8.2 Crystal Lattice
10.9 Atom
10.9.1 Number of Protons
11.2.4 Number of Neutrons
11.4.3 Number of Electrons
11.6 Radius of an Atom
11.6.1 Atomic Radius
146.00 pm181.00 pm
112
265
11.6.7 Covalent Radius
164.00 pm201.00 pm
96
260
11.7.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm229.00 pm
139
348
12.2 Atomic Weight
92.91 amu144.24 amu
6.94
294
12.5 Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol20.60 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
12.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
12.9.1 Previous Element
12.9.2 Next Element
12.10 Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)43.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.2 Lattice Constant
330.04 pm365.80 pm
228.58
891.25
13.6 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
13.7 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm37.01 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.4 Tensile Strength
15.7 Viscosity
15.9 Vapor Pressure
15.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.7.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)101.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
16.10 Elasticity properties
16.10.1 Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa16.30 GPa
1.3
222
16.10.8 Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa31.80 GPa
1.6
462
17.1.4 Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa41.40 GPa
1.7
528
18.3 Poisson Ratio
18.5 Other Mechanical Properties
19 Magnetic
19.1 Magnetic Characteristics
19.2.1 Specific Gravity
19.6.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
19.6.4 Permeability
19.10.2 Susceptibility
19.13 Electrical Properties
19.13.1 Electrical Property
19.13.2 Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m643.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
20.2.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
22.1.2 Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
23 Thermal
23.1 Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
23.6 Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K27.45 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
24.4 Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K16.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
24.8 Critical Temperature
25.2 Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)9.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
25.5 Enthalpy
25.5.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol273.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
26.1.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol7.14 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
26.6.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol322.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
26.10 Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K71.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1