1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.6 Block
1.7 Element Family
1.8 CAS Number
74401227440177
7429905
54386242
1.9 Space Group Name
1.10 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Obtained from Lithium Production.
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
3.3.2 Discovery
3.5 Abundance
3.5.1 Abundance In Universe
3.5.3 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.000003 %
1E-08
0.1
3.5.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.5.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.5.9 Abundance In Oceans
3.5.10 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Research Purposes
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-32.49 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.3.3 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,042.00 °C38.89 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C688.00 °C
147
5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.4.3 Brinell Hardness
5.4.6 Vickers Hardness
5.5 Speed of Sound
5.6 Optical Properties
5.6.1 Refractive Index
5.6.3 Reflectivity
5.7 Allotropes
5.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.3.9 Allen Electronegativity
6.4 Electropositivity
6.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.5 Ionization Energies
6.5.1 1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol2,633.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.5.5 3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol3,860.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
6.5.7 4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol5,080.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
6.5.9 5th Energy Level
NA6,850.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
6.5.11 6th Energy Level
NA8,140.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
6.5.12 7th Energy level
NA9,570.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
6.5.14 8th Energy Level
NA13,120.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
6.5.16 9th Energy Level
NA14,500.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
6.5.18 10th Energy Level
NA26,740.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
6.5.21 11th Energy Level
6.6.1 12th Energy Level
6.7.1 13th Energy Level
7.1.1 14th Energy Level
7.1.2 15th Energy Level
7.4.2 16th Energy Level
7.4.4 17th Energy Level
7.4.5 18th Energy Level
7.4.7 19th Energy Level
7.5.2 20th Energy Level
7.5.4 21st Energy Level
7.5.5 22nd Energy Level
7.5.7 23rd Energy Level
7.6.1 24th Energy Level
7.6.2 25th Energy Level
7.6.3 26th Energy Level
7.6.4 27th Energy Level
7.7.1 28th Energy Level
7.7.2 29th Energy Level
7.7.3 30th Energy Level
7.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
7.11 Electron Work Function
7.13 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
8.2 Electron Configuration
8.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
8.3.1 Crystal Lattice
8.4 Atom
8.4.1 Number of Protons
8.6.1 Number of Neutrons
9.1.2 Number of Electrons
9.2 Radius of an Atom
9.2.1 Atomic Radius
183.00 pm248.00 pm
112
265
9.2.2 Covalent Radius
199.00 pm220.00 pm
96
260
9.3.1 Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm303.00 pm
139
348
9.5 Atomic Weight
145.00 amu85.47 amu
6.94
294
9.7 Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol55.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.9.1 Previous Element
9.9.2 Next Element
9.10 Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.11 Lattice Constant
NA558.50 pm
228.58
891.25
9.12 Lattice Angles
9.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm31.53 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.2 Tensile Strength
11.3 Viscosity
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.6 Elasticity properties
11.6.1 Shear Modulus
11.6.2 Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa2.50 GPa
1.6
462
11.6.4 Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa2.40 GPa
1.7
528
12.2 Poisson Ratio
12.4 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.2.2 Permeability
13.2.3 Susceptibility
13.4 Electrical Properties
13.4.1 Electrical Property
13.4.2 Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m128.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.5.1 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.6.2 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol46.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)0.36 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA31.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.3 Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K58.20 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.5 Critical Temperature
14.6 Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)90.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
14.7 Enthalpy
14.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA69.20 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
14.7.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol2.19 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
14.7.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol82.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
14.8 Standard Molar Entropy
NA76.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1