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Properties of Beryllium and Lead

Beryllium
Lead
Properties of Lead & Beryllium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
327.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
1,740.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
38.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Pb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
1.87   
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
2.29   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.55   
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
2.41   
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
1.85   
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
1.67   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
11.34 g/cm3   
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
10.66 g/cm3   
15
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
12.00 MPa   
20
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
5.60 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
46.00 GPa   
24
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
16.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.44   
3
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Pb   
Group Number
2   
16
14   
4
Period Number
2   
6   
Block
?
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table that includes elements from the first two columns, the alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2), plus helium.s block   
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
Element Family
?
All alkaline earth metals are placed under group number 2 and s-block of periodic table. These metals are somewhat reactive at standard conditions. Alkaline earth metals appear shiny, silvery-white and are found in the earth’s crust.Alkaline Earth   
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
82   
34
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
207.20 amu   
30
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
82   
34
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
82   
34
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
175.00 pm   
19
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
202.00 pm   
27
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
495.08 pm   
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Bismuth
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Thallium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
Electrical Property
?
Semiconductor metals have conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.Semiconductor   
?
Poor conductor metals have moderate resistance to electric currents. They can conduct electric current through them with very low efficiency.Poor Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
11.35   
25
Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
35.30 W/m·K   
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
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