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Properties of Beryllium and Promethium

Beryllium
Promethium
Properties of Promethium & Beryllium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
3,000.00 °C   
31
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.07   
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Pm   
Group Number
2   
16
Not Available   
Period Number
2   
6   
Block
?
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table that includes elements from the first two columns, the alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2), plus helium.s block   
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
Element Family
?
All alkaline earth metals are placed under group number 2 and s-block of periodic table. These metals are somewhat reactive at standard conditions. Alkaline earth metals appear shiny, silvery-white and are found in the earth’s crust.Alkaline Earth   
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
61   
99+
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
84   
40
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
61   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal structure and its double hexagonal crystal structure is one of the 7 crystal structure, The hexagonal lattice system consists of just one Bravais lattice type: the hexagonal shape.Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
236.00 pm   
16
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Samarium
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Neodymium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrical Property
?
Semiconductor metals have conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.Semiconductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
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