1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.10 Block
1.11 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.12 CAS Number
74402027440257
7429905
54386242
1.16 Space Group Name
1.17 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
- Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
- Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 %8 * 10-9 %
5E-09
0.11
4.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
4.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
4.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.4.10 Abundance In Oceans
4.4.13 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
-
Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
- Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
- Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
6.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.03 p.p.m.
0
170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
1,539.00 °C2,996.00 °C
27
3410
9.2 Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C5,425.00 °C
147
5660
10.6 Appearance
10.6.1 Physical State
10.6.2 Color
10.6.3 Luster
10.7 Hardness
10.7.1 Mohs Hardness
10.9.5 Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa440.00 MPa
0.14
3490
10.11.2 Vickers Hardness
11.3 Speed of Sound
11.6 Optical Properties
11.6.1 Refractive Index
11.7.3 Reflectivity
11.8 Allotropes
11.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12 Chemical
12.1 Chemical Formula
12.2 Isotopes
12.2.1 Known Isotopes
13.4 Electronegativity
13.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
13.5.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
13.5.9 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
13.5.13 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
13.5.17 Allen Electronegativity
13.6 Electropositivity
13.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
13.8 Ionization Energies
13.8.1 1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol761.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
13.9.3 2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol1,500.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
13.9.7 3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/molNA
1600
34230
13.9.12 4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
13.9.16 5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
13.9.20 6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
13.9.23 7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
13.9.26 8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
13.9.29 9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
13.10.2 10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
13.11.2 11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
14.1.2 12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
14.4.2 13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
14.4.5 14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
14.4.8 15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
14.4.10 16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
14.5.2 17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
14.5.5 18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
14.5.8 19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
14.6.1 20th Energy Level
14.6.3 21st Energy Level
14.7.2 22nd Energy Level
14.9.1 23rd Energy Level
14.9.3 24th Energy Level
14.10.1 25th Energy Level
14.10.3 26th Energy Level
14.12.2 27th Energy Level
15.1.3 28th Energy Level
15.1.5 29th Energy Level
15.1.8 30th Energy Level
15.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr1.35 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
15.5 Electron Work Function
15.7 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
16 Atomic
16.1 Atomic Number
16.4 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2
16.5 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
16.5.1 Crystal Lattice
16.6 Atom
16.6.1 Number of Protons
16.7.2 Number of Neutrons
17.2.1 Number of Electrons
17.6 Radius of an Atom
17.6.1 Atomic Radius
162.00 pm146.00 pm
112
265
18.1.2 Covalent Radius
170.00 pm170.00 pm
96
260
18.1.6 Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
18.2 Atomic Weight
44.96 amu180.95 amu
6.94
294
18.5 Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol10.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
18.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
18.6.1 Previous Element
18.6.2 Next Element
18.7 Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)110.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
18.9 Lattice Constant
330.90 pm330.13 pm
228.58
891.25
18.10 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
18.11 Lattice C/A Ratio
19 Mechanical
19.1 Density
19.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm316.69 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
20.1.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm315.00 g/cm3
0.512
20
20.5 Tensile Strength
20.6 Viscosity
20.7 Vapor Pressure
20.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
20.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
20.10 Elasticity properties
20.10.1 Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa69.00 GPa
1.3
222
20.13.1 Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa200.00 GPa
1.6
462
21.1.2 Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa186.00 GPa
1.7
528
21.3 Poisson Ratio
21.4 Other Mechanical Properties
22 Magnetic
22.1 Magnetic Characteristics
22.1.1 Specific Gravity
22.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
22.2.3 Permeability
22.2.4 Susceptibility
22.4 Electrical Properties
22.4.1 Electrical Property
22.4.2 Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m131.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
22.5.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
22.6.3 Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol31.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
23 Thermal
23.1 Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)0.14 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
23.3 Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K25.36 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
23.4 Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K57.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
23.6 Critical Temperature
23.7 Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)6.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
23.8 Enthalpy
23.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol753.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
23.8.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol31.40 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
23.8.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol782.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
23.9 Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K41.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1