1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.7 CAS Number
74402797440677
7429905
54386242
1.9 Space Group Name
1.10 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %5 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
3.7.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~0.000004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.7.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.7.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.7.7 Abundance In Oceans
3.8.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
-
Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,356.00 °C1,852.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C4,377.00 °C
147
5660
5.4 Appearance
5.4.1 Physical State
5.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
5.4.3 Luster
5.5 Hardness
5.5.1 Mohs Hardness
5.7.1 Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa638.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.8.1 Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa820.00 MPa
121
3430
5.11 Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s3,800.00 m/s
818
16200
6.2 Optical Properties
6.2.1 Refractive Index
6.2.3 Reflectivity
6.3 Allotropes
6.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.4 Electronegativity
7.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.6.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.6.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.6.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.7.2 Allen Electronegativity
7.8 Electropositivity
7.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.9 Ionization Energies
7.9.1 1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.9.2 2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol1,270.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.10.1 3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol2,218.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.10.2 4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol3,313.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.1.2 5th Energy Level
NA7,752.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.1.5 6th Energy Level
NA9,500.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
8.1.7 7th Energy level
8.2.3 8th Energy Level
8.2.4 9th Energy Level
8.2.6 10th Energy Level
8.2.7 11th Energy Level
8.2.9 12th Energy Level
8.2.10 13th Energy Level
8.2.11 14th Energy Level
9.1.1 15th Energy Level
9.2.1 16th Energy Level
9.3.1 17th Energy Level
9.3.2 18th Energy Level
9.4.1 19th Energy Level
9.5.1 20th Energy Level
9.5.2 21st Energy Level
9.5.3 22nd Energy Level
9.6.2 23rd Energy Level
9.6.3 24th Energy Level
9.6.5 25th Energy Level
9.6.6 26th Energy Level
9.6.8 27th Energy Level
9.6.9 28th Energy Level
9.7.1 29th Energy Level
9.7.2 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr0.85 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.2 Number of Neutrons
10.4.3 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
177.00 pm160.00 pm
112
265
10.5.2 Covalent Radius
194.00 pm175.00 pm
96
260
10.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
10.6 Atomic Weight
158.93 amu91.22 amu
6.94
294
10.7 Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol14.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.8.1 Previous Element
10.8.2 Next Element
10.9 Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)80.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.10 Lattice Constant
360.10 pm323.20 pm
228.58
891.25
10.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm36.52 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm35.80 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.2 Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa330.00 MPa
2.5
11000
11.3 Viscosity
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa33.00 GPa
1.3
222
11.5.2 Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa91.10 GPa
1.6
462
11.5.3 Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa88.00 GPa
1.7
528
11.6 Poisson Ratio
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.1.3 Permeability
12.1.4 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
12.2.2 Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m421.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol41.10 kJ/mol
0
222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)0.27 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K25.36 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K22.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.4 Critical Temperature
13.5 Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)5.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol581.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol20.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol598.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K39.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1