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Terbium
Terbium

Zirconium
Zirconium



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Terbium
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Zirconium

Terbium Zirconium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Tb
Zr
1.2 Group Number
NA4
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.4 Period Number
65
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.5 Block
f block
d block
1.6 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.7 CAS Number
74402797440677
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.9 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
1.10 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
  • Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1842
In 1789
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %5 * 10-6 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
3.7.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~0.000004 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
3.7.4 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
3.7.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.01 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
3.7.7 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
3.8.2 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
  • Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
Low Toxic
NA
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
4.2.5 In Bone
NA0.10 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,356.00 °C1,852.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
5.2 Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C4,377.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
5.4 Appearance
5.4.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
5.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
5.4.3 Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
5.5 Hardness
5.5.1 Mohs Hardness
NA5.00
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
5.7.1 Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa638.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
5.8.1 Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa820.00 MPa
Palladium Metal
121 3430
5.11 Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s3,800.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
6.2 Optical Properties
6.2.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
6.2.3 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
6.3 Allotropes
6.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
Tb
Zr
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
2624
Tennessine Metal
0 38
7.4 Electronegativity
7.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
NA1.33
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
7.6.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA0.90
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
7.6.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.101.22
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
7.6.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
7.7.2 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.32
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
7.8 Electropositivity
7.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
NA2.67
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
7.9 Ionization Energies
7.9.1 1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
7.9.2 2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol1,270.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
7.10.1 3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol2,218.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
7.10.2 4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol3,313.00 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
8.1.2 5th Energy Level
NA7,752.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
8.1.5 6th Energy Level
NA9,500.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
8.1.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
8.2.3 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
8.2.4 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
8.2.6 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
8.2.7 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
8.2.9 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
8.2.10 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
8.2.11 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
9.1.1 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
9.2.1 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
9.3.1 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
9.3.2 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
9.4.1 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
9.5.1 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
9.5.2 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
9.5.3 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
9.6.2 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
9.6.3 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
9.6.5 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
9.6.6 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
9.6.8 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
9.6.9 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
9.7.1 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
9.7.2 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr0.85 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
3.00 eV4.05 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
6540
Lithium Metal
3 117
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
6540
Lithium Metal
3 117
10.4.2 Number of Neutrons
9451
Lithium Metal
4 184
10.4.3 Number of Electrons
6540
Lithium Metal
3 117
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
177.00 pm160.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
10.5.2 Covalent Radius
194.00 pm175.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
10.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
10.6 Atomic Weight
158.93 amu91.22 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
10.7 Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol14.10 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.8.1 Previous Element
10.8.2 Next Element
10.9 Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)80.00 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
10.10 Lattice Constant
360.10 pm323.20 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
10.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.581.59
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm36.52 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm35.80 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
11.2 Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa330.00 MPa
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
11.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa33.00 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
11.5.2 Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa91.10 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
11.5.3 Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa88.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
11.6 Poisson Ratio
0.260.34
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.236.51
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
12.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
12.2.2 Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m421.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol41.10 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)0.27 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K25.36 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K22.60 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
13.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
13.5 Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)5.70 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol581.60 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol20.90 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol598.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K39.00 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1