1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
2.7 Block
2.8 Element Family
Post-Transition
Actinide
2.9 CAS Number
744028022537195
7429905
54386242
2.5 Space Group Name
2.6 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
- It is synthetically produced metal.
- Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
3.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
William Crookes
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.7.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.9.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.0.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
5.2.5 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
- Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
6.1.2 Medical Uses
6.1.3 Other Uses
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.2 Toxicity
6.2.3 Present in Human Body
6.2.4 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
8.1.1 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
303.50 °C1,627.00 °C
27
3410
10.2 Boiling Point
10.6 Appearance
10.6.1 Physical State
10.6.2 Color
10.6.3 Luster
10.7 Hardness
10.7.1 Mohs Hardness
11.4.2 Brinell Hardness
12.1.1 Vickers Hardness
12.2 Speed of Sound
12.5 Optical Properties
12.5.1 Refractive Index
12.7.2 Reflectivity
12.10 Allotropes
12.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13 Chemical
13.1 Chemical Formula
13.2 Isotopes
13.2.1 Known Isotopes
14.3 Electronegativity
14.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
14.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
15.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
15.5.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
16.2.5 Allen Electronegativity
16.5 Electropositivity
16.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
16.6 Ionization Energies
16.6.1 1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol470.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
16.6.5 2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol1,428.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
16.6.7 3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol2,228.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
16.8.2 4th Energy Level
NA4,910.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
16.10.2 5th Energy Level
16.11.3 6th Energy Level
16.12.4 7th Energy level
16.12.7 8th Energy Level
16.12.10 9th Energy Level
16.12.13 10th Energy Level
16.12.17 11th Energy Level
16.12.21 12th Energy Level
16.12.25 13th Energy Level
16.12.30 14th Energy Level
16.12.35 15th Energy Level
16.12.37 16th Energy Level
16.12.40 17th Energy Level
16.12.44 18th Energy Level
16.12.46 19th Energy Level
16.12.50 20th Energy Level
16.12.52 21st Energy Level
16.12.55 22nd Energy Level
16.12.59 23rd Energy Level
16.12.61 24th Energy Level
16.12.64 25th Energy Level
16.12.67 26th Energy Level
16.12.69 27th Energy Level
16.12.73 28th Energy Level
16.12.76 29th Energy Level
16.12.78 30th Energy Level
16.13 Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr3.23 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
16.14 Electron Work Function
16.15 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
17 Atomic
17.1 Atomic Number
17.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1
17.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
17.3.1 Crystal Lattice
17.4 Atom
17.4.1 Number of Protons
17.4.7 Number of Neutrons
17.5.2 Number of Electrons
17.7 Radius of an Atom
17.7.1 Atomic Radius
18.1.2 Covalent Radius
18.5.2 Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm246.00 pm
139
348
18.7 Atomic Weight
204.38 amu266.00 amu
6.94
294
18.10 Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
19.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
19.2.1 Previous Element
19.2.2 Next Element
19.3 Valence Electron Potential
19.6 Lattice Constant
345.66 pmNA
228.58
891.25
20.3 Lattice Angles
20.4 Lattice C/A Ratio
21 Mechanical
21.1 Density
21.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
22.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
22.7 Tensile Strength
22.11 Viscosity
22.13 Vapor Pressure
22.13.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)NA
2.47E-11
121
22.16.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
23.2 Elasticity properties
23.2.1 Shear Modulus
23.4.2 Bulk Modulus
23.6.2 Young's Modulus
23.12 Poisson Ratio
23.18 Other Mechanical Properties
24 Magnetic
24.1 Magnetic Characteristics
24.1.1 Specific Gravity
24.3.1 Magnetic Ordering
24.3.2 Permeability
24.6.1 Susceptibility
25.6 Electrical Properties
25.6.1 Electrical Property
25.6.2 Resistivity
26.2.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
26.3.1 Electron Affinity
29 Thermal
29.1 Specific Heat
29.4 Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
29.7 Thermal Conductivity
29.10 Critical Temperature
29.14 Thermal Expansion
29.16 Enthalpy
29.16.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
30.1.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
30.2.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
30.7 Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1