Vanadium

Americium

Vanadium Americium Comparison

Vanadium

Americium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

5NA

0 17

1.6 Period Number

2 7

1.10 Block

d block

f block

1.11 Element Family

Transition Metal

Actinide

1.13 CAS Number

74406227440359

7429905 54386242

1.14 Space Group Name

Im_ 3m

P63/mmc

1.15 Space Group Number

229.00194.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.

Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.

Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).

2.2 Sources

Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Andrés Manuel del Río

Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1801

In 1944

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

1 * 10^-4 %NA

5E-09 0.11

2.5.1 Abundance In Sun

~0.00004 %~-9999 %

1E-08 0.1

2.5.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.01 %NA

1.7E-07 22

2.5.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.02 %NA

9.9E-12 8.1

2.7.2 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %NA

2E-23 1.1

3.2.1 Abundance In Humans

0.00 %NA

1E-13 1.4

4 Uses

4.1 Uses & Benefits

Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.

Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.

4.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry

4.1.3 Medical Uses

4.1.4 Other Uses

Alloys

Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes

4.2 Biological Properties

4.2.1 Toxicity

Toxic

4.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

4.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

4.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

6 Physical

6.1 Melting Point

1,890.00 °C994.00 °C

27 3410

6.3 Boiling Point

3,380.00 °C2,607.00 °C

147 5660

6.7 Appearance

6.7.1 Physical State

Solid

6.8.2 Color

Blue-Silver Grey

Silvery White

6.8.3 Luster

Metallic

6.9 Hardness

6.9.1 Mohs Hardness

6.70NA

0.2 8.5

6.11.2 Brinell Hardness

600.00 MPaNA

0.14 3490

6.11.5 Vickers Hardness

628.00 MPaNA

121 3430

6.14 Speed of Sound

4,560.00 m/sNA

818 16200

7.2 Optical Properties

7.2.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

8.2.1 Reflectivity

61.00 %NA

58 97

8.3 Allotropes

✔ ✘

8.3.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

8.3.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

8.3.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

9 Chemical

9.1 Chemical Formula

9.2 Isotopes

9.2.1 Known Isotopes

2216

0 38

10.2 Electronegativity

10.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.631.30

0.7 2.54

10.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.39NA

0.22 2.56

10.6.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.451.20

0.86 1.82

10.8.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

10.9.2 Allen Electronegativity

1.53NA

0.659 2.7

10.11 Electropositivity

10.11.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.372.70

1.46 3.3

10.13 Ionization Energies

10.13.1 1st Energy Level

650.90 kJ/mol578.00 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

11.1.1 2nd Energy Level

1,414.00 kJ/mol1,158.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

11.2.2 3rd Energy Level

2,830.00 kJ/mol2,132.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

11.3.1 4th Energy Level

4,507.00 kJ/mol3,493.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

11.4.1 5th Energy Level

6,298.70 kJ/molNA

4305.2 97510

11.4.3 6th Energy Level

12,363.00 kJ/molNA

5715.8 105800

11.4.4 7th Energy level

14,530.00 kJ/molNA

7226.8 114300

11.6.1 8th Energy Level

16,730.00 kJ/molNA

8857.4 125300

11.6.2 9th Energy Level

19,860.00 kJ/molNA

14110 134700

11.8.1 10th Energy Level

22,240.00 kJ/molNA

17100 144300

12.1.4 11th Energy Level

24,670.00 kJ/molNA

19900 169988

12.2.2 12th Energy Level

29,730.00 kJ/molNA

22219 189368

12.3.3 13th Energy Level

32,446.00 kJ/molNA

26930 76015

12.3.5 14th Energy Level

86,450.00 kJ/molNA

29196 86450

12.3.7 15th Energy Level

94,170.00 kJ/molNA

41987 97510

12.3.9 16th Energy Level

102,300.00 kJ/molNA

47206 109480

12.4.1 17th Energy Level

112,700.00 kJ/molNA

52737 122200

13.1.1 18th Energy Level

121,600.00 kJ/molNA

58570 134810

13.2.1 19th Energy Level

130,700.00 kJ/molNA

64702 148700

13.2.2 20th Energy Level

143,400.00 kJ/molNA

80400 171200

13.3.1 21st Energy Level

151,440.00 kJ/molNA

87000 179100

13.3.2 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

13.4.1 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

13.4.2 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

13.5.1 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

13.5.2 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

13.6.2 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

13.6.3 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

13.6.5 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

13.6.6 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

13.7 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.38 g/amp-hr3.02 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

13.8 Electron Work Function

4.30 eVNA

2.14 5.65

13.10 Other Chemical Properties

Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility

14 Atomic

14.1 Atomic Number

2395

3 117

14.2 Electron Configuration

[Ar] 3d³ 4s²

[Rn] 5f⁷ 7s²

14.3 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)

14.3.1 Crystal Lattice

14.4 Atom

14.4.1 Number of Protons

2395

3 117

1.2.2 Number of Neutrons

28148

4 184

1.2.5 Number of Electrons

2395

3 117

1.3 Radius of an Atom

1.3.1 Atomic Radius

134.00 pm173.00 pm

112 265

1.3.2 Covalent Radius

153.00 pm180.00 pm

96 260

1.3.3 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm244.00 pm

139 348

1.4 Atomic Weight

50.94 amu243.00 amu

6.94 294

1.5 Atomic Volume

8.78 cm3/mol17.86 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

1.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

1.6.1 Previous Element

1.6.2 Next Element

1.7 Valence Electron Potential

120.00 (-eV)44.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

1.8 Lattice Constant

303.00 pm346.81 pm

228.58 891.25

1.9 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

1.10 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

2 Mechanical

2.1 Density

2.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

6.00 g/cm³12.00 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

2.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

5.50 g/cm3NA

0.512 20

2.2 Tensile Strength

800.00 MPaNA

2.5 11000

2.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

2.4 Vapor Pressure

2.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

2.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.23 (Pa)NA

2.62E-10 774

2.5 Elasticity properties

2.5.1 Shear Modulus

47.00 GPaNA

1.3 222

2.5.2 Bulk Modulus

160.00 GPaNA

1.6 462

2.5.3 Young's Modulus

128.00 GPaNA

1.7 528

2.6 Poisson Ratio

0.37NA

0.032 0.47

2.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

3 Magnetic

3.1 Magnetic Characteristics

3.1.1 Specific Gravity

5.9613.67

0.53 4500

3.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

3.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

3.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

3.2 Electrical Properties

3.2.1 Electrical Property

Superconductor

Unknown

3.2.2 Resistivity

197.00 nΩ·m0.69 nΩ·m

0.18 961

3.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.05 10⁶/cm Ω0.02 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

3.2.4 Electron Affinity

50.60 kJ/molNA

0 222.8

4 Thermal

4.1 Specific Heat

0.49 J/(kg K)0.11 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

4.2 Molar Heat Capacity

24.89 J/mol·K62.70 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

4.3 Thermal Conductivity

30.70 W/m·K10.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

4.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

4.5 Thermal Expansion

8.40 µm/(m·K)NA

4.5 97

4.6 Enthalpy

4.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

458.60 kJ/molNA

7.32 799.1

4.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

17.57 kJ/mol14.39 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

4.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

514.60 kJ/mol268.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

4.7 Standard Molar Entropy

28.90 J/mol.KNA

9.5 198.1

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