1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74406227440304
7429905
54386242
1.3 Space Group Name
1.4 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río
Per Teodor Cleve
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-4 %1 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.7.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00004 %~0.00000002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.10.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.5.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.5.3 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
-
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
-
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
NA
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
4.3.2 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,890.00 °C1,545.00 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C1,730.00 °C
147
5660
7.3 Appearance
7.3.1 Physical State
7.3.2 Color
Blue-Silver Grey
Silvery Gray
7.3.3 Luster
7.4 Hardness
7.4.1 Mohs Hardness
7.4.3 Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa471.00 MPa
0.14
3490
8.3.2 Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa520.00 MPa
121
3430
8.5 Speed of Sound
8.8 Optical Properties
8.8.1 Refractive Index
8.9.2 Reflectivity
8.10 Allotropes
8.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.3.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.4.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.6.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.2.1 Allen Electronegativity
11.3 Electropositivity
11.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
11.5 Ionization Energies
11.5.1 1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
11.6.4 2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol1,160.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
11.6.5 3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol2,285.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.6.8 4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol4,120.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
11.6.11 5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
11.6.13 6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
12.1.1 7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
12.3.1 8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
12.4.2 9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
12.5.2 10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
12.6.1 11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
12.7.2 12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
12.8.2 13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
12.8.4 14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
12.8.7 15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
12.8.10 16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
12.8.12 17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
12.9.2 18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
12.9.3 19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
12.9.5 20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
12.9.7 21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
12.9.8 22nd Energy Level
12.9.10 23rd Energy Level
12.9.11 24th Energy Level
12.9.13 25th Energy Level
12.9.14 26th Energy Level
12.9.16 27th Energy Level
12.9.18 28th Energy Level
12.9.19 29th Energy Level
12.9.21 30th Energy Level
12.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr2.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
12.11 Electron Work Function
12.12 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
13.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
13.3.1 Crystal Lattice
13.4 Atom
13.4.1 Number of Protons
13.4.4 Number of Neutrons
13.4.7 Number of Electrons
13.5 Radius of an Atom
13.5.1 Atomic Radius
134.00 pm176.00 pm
112
265
13.5.3 Covalent Radius
153.00 pm160.00 pm
96
260
13.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
13.6 Atomic Weight
50.94 amu168.93 amu
6.94
294
13.8 Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol18.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.10.1 Previous Element
13.10.2 Next Element
13.11 Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)49.70 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.12 Lattice Constant
303.00 pm353.75 pm
228.58
891.25
14.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
14.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm39.32 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm38.56 g/cm3
0.512
20
15.2 Tensile Strength
15.3 Viscosity
15.5 Vapor Pressure
15.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
15.6 Elasticity properties
15.6.1 Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa30.50 GPa
1.3
222
15.7.1 Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa44.50 GPa
1.6
462
15.8.1 Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa74.00 GPa
1.7
528
15.11 Poisson Ratio
1.4 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
2 Magnetic
2.1 Magnetic Characteristics
2.1.1 Specific Gravity
2.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
2.2.3 Permeability
2.4.1 Susceptibility
2.2 Electrical Properties
2.2.1 Electrical Property
2.2.2 Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m676.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
2.3.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
2.7.2 Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
3 Thermal
3.1 Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)0.16 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
4.5 Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K27.03 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
4.8 Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K16.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
4.10 Critical Temperature
4.11 Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)13.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
4.12 Enthalpy
4.12.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol191.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
4.13.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol16.80 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
6.2.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol247.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
6.3 Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K74.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1