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Vanadium
Vanadium

Thulium
Thulium



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Thulium

Vanadium Thulium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
V
Tm
1.2 Group Number
5NA
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
46
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74406227440304
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.3 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
1.4 Space Group Number
229.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río
Per Teodor Cleve
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1801
In 1879
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-4 %1 * 10-8 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.7.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00004 %~0.00000002 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.10.1 Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
3.4.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
3.5.2 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
3.5.3 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
NA
4.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Unknown
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
4.3.2 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,890.00 °C1,545.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
6.2 Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C1,730.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
7.3 Appearance
7.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
7.3.2 Color
Blue-Silver Grey
Silvery Gray
7.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
7.4 Hardness
7.4.1 Mohs Hardness
6.70NA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
7.4.3 Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa471.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
8.3.2 Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa520.00 MPa
Palladium Metal
121 3430
8.5 Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/sNA
Thallium Metal
818 16200
8.8 Optical Properties
8.8.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
8.9.2 Reflectivity
61.00 %NA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
8.10 Allotropes
8.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
V
Tm
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
2232
Tennessine Metal
0 38
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.631.25
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
9.3.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39NA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
9.4.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.451.11
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
9.6.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
10.2.1 Allen Electronegativity
1.53NA
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
11.3 Electropositivity
11.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.372.75
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
11.5 Ionization Energies
11.5.1 1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
11.6.4 2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol1,160.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
11.6.5 3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol2,285.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
11.6.8 4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol4,120.00 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
11.6.11 5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/molNA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
11.6.13 6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
12.1.1 7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
12.3.1 8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
12.4.2 9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
12.5.2 10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
12.6.1 11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
12.7.2 12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
12.8.2 13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
12.8.4 14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
12.8.7 15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/molNA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
12.8.10 16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/molNA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
12.8.12 17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/molNA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
12.9.2 18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/molNA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
12.9.3 19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/molNA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
12.9.5 20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
12.9.7 21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
12.9.8 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
12.9.10 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
12.9.11 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
12.9.13 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
12.9.14 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
12.9.16 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
12.9.18 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
12.9.19 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
12.9.21 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
12.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr2.10 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
12.11 Electron Work Function
4.30 eVNA
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
12.12 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
2369
Lithium Metal
3 117
13.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
13.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
13.3.1 Crystal Lattice
13.4 Atom
13.4.1 Number of Protons
2369
Lithium Metal
3 117
13.4.4 Number of Neutrons
28100
Lithium Metal
4 184
13.4.7 Number of Electrons
2369
Lithium Metal
3 117
13.5 Radius of an Atom
13.5.1 Atomic Radius
134.00 pm176.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
13.5.3 Covalent Radius
153.00 pm160.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
13.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pmNA
Zinc Metal
139 348
13.6 Atomic Weight
50.94 amu168.93 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
13.8 Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol18.10 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
13.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.10.1 Previous Element
13.10.2 Next Element
13.11 Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)49.70 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
13.12 Lattice Constant
303.00 pm353.75 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
14.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
14.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.57
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm39.32 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
15.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm38.56 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
15.2 Tensile Strength
800.00 MPaNA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
15.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
15.5 Vapor Pressure
15.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA0.06 (Pa)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
15.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)NA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
15.6 Elasticity properties
15.6.1 Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa30.50 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
15.7.1 Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa44.50 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
15.8.1 Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa74.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
15.11 Poisson Ratio
0.370.21
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
1.4 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
2 Magnetic
2.1 Magnetic Characteristics
2.1.1 Specific Gravity
5.969.32
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
2.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
2.2.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
2.4.1 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
2.2 Electrical Properties
2.2.1 Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
2.2.2 Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m676.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
2.3.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
2.7.2 Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
3 Thermal
3.1 Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)0.16 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
4.5 Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K27.03 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
4.8 Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K16.90 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
4.10 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
4.11 Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)13.30 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
4.12 Enthalpy
4.12.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol191.00 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
4.13.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol16.80 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
6.2.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol247.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
6.3 Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K74.00 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1