1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.2 Period Number
2.3 Block
2.4 Element Family
2.5 CAS Number
74406447440122
7429905
54386242
2.6 Space Group Name
2.7 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
3.3.2 Discovery
3.5 Abundance
3.5.1 Abundance In Universe
3.6.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
1.2.4 Abundance In Meteorites
1.3.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.7.2 Abundance In Oceans
1.9.1 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
1.2.4 In Bone
2 Physical
2.1 Melting Point
824.00 °C1,042.00 °C
27
3410
2.3 Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C3,000.00 °C
147
5660
1.3 Appearance
1.3.1 Physical State
1.4.1 Color
1.5.1 Luster
1.7 Hardness
1.7.1 Mohs Hardness
1.11.2 Brinell Hardness
3.5.3 Vickers Hardness
4.2 Speed of Sound
5.6 Optical Properties
5.6.1 Refractive Index
6.1.1 Reflectivity
6.8 Allotropes
6.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.5 Electronegativity
7.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.2.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.9.1 Allen Electronegativity
3.3 Electropositivity
3.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
3.7 Ionization Energies
3.7.1 1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
3.10.1 2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
3.14.2 3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol2,150.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
3.16.3 4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol3,970.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
4.2.2 5th Energy Level
1.2.1 6th Energy Level
2.5.1 7th Energy level
1.2.2 8th Energy Level
2.2.1 9th Energy Level
2.2.6 10th Energy Level
2.6.2 11th Energy Level
2.10.2 12th Energy Level
4.5.5 13th Energy Level
4.6.5 14th Energy Level
4.10.1 15th Energy Level
4.11.2 16th Energy Level
4.11.5 17th Energy Level
1.3.4 18th Energy Level
3.2.4 19th Energy Level
1.6.1 20th Energy Level
1.7.1 21st Energy Level
2.3.3 22nd Energy Level
2.7.1 23rd Energy Level
3.5.1 24th Energy Level
3.8.1 25th Energy Level
5.4.2 26th Energy Level
5.6.3 27th Energy Level
5.7.2 28th Energy Level
5.8.2 29th Energy Level
6.1.1 30th Energy Level
6.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr1.80 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
6.3 Electron Work Function
6.5 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
7 Atomic
7.1 Atomic Number
8.4 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
8.5 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
8.5.1 Crystal Lattice
8.6 Atom
8.6.1 Number of Protons
10.2.2 Number of Neutrons
10.4.3 Number of Electrons
10.7 Radius of an Atom
10.7.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm183.00 pm
112
265
10.7.3 Covalent Radius
187.00 pm199.00 pm
96
260
10.8.5 Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm236.00 pm
139
348
10.9 Atomic Weight
173.05 amu145.00 amu
6.94
294
10.12 Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol22.39 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.15 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.15.1 Previous Element
10.15.2 Next Element
10.16 Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)44.10 (-eV)
8
392.42
12.3 Lattice Constant
548.47 pmNA
228.58
891.25
13.3 Lattice Angles
13.4 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm37.26 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.5.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.7 Tensile Strength
15.11 Viscosity
15.13 Vapor Pressure
15.13.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.14.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
15.17 Elasticity properties
15.17.1 Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa18.00 GPa
1.3
222
15.19.4 Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa33.00 GPa
1.6
462
15.21.2 Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa46.00 GPa
1.7
528
16.3 Poisson Ratio
16.7 Other Mechanical Properties
17 Magnetic
17.1 Magnetic Characteristics
17.1.1 Specific Gravity
17.3.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
17.3.3 Permeability
17.5.2 Susceptibility
18.2 Electrical Properties
18.2.1 Electrical Property
18.2.2 Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m0.75 nΩ·m
0.18
961
1.2.7 Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
1.4.2 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
2 Thermal
2.1 Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)0.18 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
2.4 Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
2.6 Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K17.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
3.6 Critical Temperature
3.7 Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)9.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
3.11 Enthalpy
3.11.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
5.2.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol7.50 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
6.4.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol310.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
6.9 Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1