1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
Post-Transition
Lanthanide
1.7 CAS Number
74406997440304
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Per Teodor Cleve
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %1 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.5.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %~0.00000002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.6.2 Abundance In Meteorites
2.8.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.9.1 Abundance In Oceans
2.11.1 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
-
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
4.2.7 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
271.30 °C1,545.00 °C
27
3410
5.4 Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C1,730.00 °C
147
5660
5.8 Appearance
5.8.1 Physical State
5.8.2 Color
5.8.3 Luster
5.9 Hardness
5.9.1 Mohs Hardness
6.1.2 Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa471.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.5.2 Vickers Hardness
6.6 Speed of Sound
6.7 Optical Properties
6.7.1 Refractive Index
6.7.3 Reflectivity
6.9 Allotropes
6.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.2 Electronegativity
8.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.2.5 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.4.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.4.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.5.1 Allen Electronegativity
8.8 Electropositivity
8.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.9 Ionization Energies
8.10.1 1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.1.1 2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol1,160.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.4.1 3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol2,285.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.2.1 4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol4,120.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
10.3.1 5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
10.3.3 6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
10.5.1 7th Energy level
10.7.1 8th Energy Level
10.8.2 9th Energy Level
10.8.4 10th Energy Level
10.8.7 11th Energy Level
10.9.2 12th Energy Level
10.10.2 13th Energy Level
10.10.4 14th Energy Level
10.10.5 15th Energy Level
10.11.1 16th Energy Level
11.1.2 17th Energy Level
11.1.3 18th Energy Level
11.1.6 19th Energy Level
11.1.8 20th Energy Level
11.2.3 21st Energy Level
11.2.4 22nd Energy Level
11.2.5 23rd Energy Level
11.2.7 24th Energy Level
11.2.8 25th Energy Level
11.2.9 26th Energy Level
11.2.11 27th Energy Level
11.2.12 28th Energy Level
11.2.13 29th Energy Level
11.2.14 30th Energy Level
12.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr2.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
12.3 Electron Work Function
12.5 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
13.3 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
13.4.1 Crystal Lattice
13.5 Atom
13.5.1 Number of Protons
13.5.2 Number of Neutrons
13.7.1 Number of Electrons
13.9 Radius of an Atom
13.9.1 Atomic Radius
156.00 pm176.00 pm
112
265
13.9.3 Covalent Radius
148.00 pm160.00 pm
96
260
13.9.5 Van der Waals Radius
13.10 Atomic Weight
208.98 amu168.93 amu
6.94
294
13.11 Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol18.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.13.1 Previous Element
13.13.2 Next Element
13.14 Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)49.70 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.15 Lattice Constant
667.40 pm353.75 pm
228.58
891.25
13.16 Lattice Angles
13.17 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm39.32 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm38.56 g/cm3
0.512
20
14.2 Tensile Strength
14.3 Viscosity
14.4 Vapor Pressure
14.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
14.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
14.5 Elasticity properties
14.5.1 Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa30.50 GPa
1.3
222
14.5.2 Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa44.50 GPa
1.6
462
14.5.3 Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa74.00 GPa
1.7
528
14.6 Poisson Ratio
14.7 Other Mechanical Properties
15 Magnetic
15.1 Magnetic Characteristics
15.1.1 Specific Gravity
15.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
15.1.3 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
15.1.4 Susceptibility
15.2 Electrical Properties
15.2.1 Electrical Property
15.2.2 Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m676.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
15.2.4 Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.16 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K27.03 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.3 Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K16.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.4 Critical Temperature
16.5 Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)13.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
16.6 Enthalpy
16.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol191.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
16.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol16.80 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
16.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol247.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
16.7 Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K74.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1