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Cadmium
Cadmium

Cobalt
Cobalt



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Cadmium Cobalt Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cd
Co
1.2 Group Number
129
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
54
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.5 Block
d block
d block
1.6 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.7 CAS Number
74404397440484
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.11 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
1.12 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
3.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Georg Brandt
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1817
In 1732
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %3 * 10-4 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %~0.0004 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
4.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.06 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
5.1.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
5.1.4 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
5.2.2 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
6.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.04 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
7.2.4 In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.0.04 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
320.90 °C1,495.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
9.2 Boiling Point
765.00 °C2,870.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
9.4 Appearance
9.4.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
9.4.2 Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Gray
9.4.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
9.5 Hardness
9.5.1 Mohs Hardness
2.005.00
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
9.6.4 Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa470.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
9.7.3 Vickers Hardness
NA1,043.00 MPa
Palladium Metal
121 3430
9.9 Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s4,720.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
9.11 Optical Properties
9.11.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
9.12.1 Reflectivity
67.00 %67.00 %
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
10.3 Allotropes
10.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
α-Cobalt
10.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
β-Cobalt
10.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
Cd
Co
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
3426
Tennessine Metal
0 38
11.6 Electronegativity
11.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.691.88
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
12.2.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.982.56
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
12.3.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.461.70
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
12.3.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53NA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
12.3.7 Allen Electronegativity
1.521.84
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
12.4 Electropositivity
12.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.312.12
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
12.5 Ionization Energies
12.5.1 1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
12.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol1,648.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
12.7.2 3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol3,232.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
12.8.2 4th Energy Level
NA4,950.00 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
12.9.4 5th Energy Level
NA7,670.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
12.9.7 6th Energy Level
NA9,840.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
12.9.10 7th Energy level
NA12,440.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
12.9.12 8th Energy Level
NA15,230.00 kJ/mol
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
12.9.15 9th Energy Level
NA17,959.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
1.2.2 10th Energy Level
NA26,570.00 kJ/mol
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
1.2.5 11th Energy Level
NA29,400.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
1.2.7 12th Energy Level
NA32,400.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
1.3.3 13th Energy Level
NA36,600.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
1.3.9 14th Energy Level
NA39,700.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
1.3.13 15th Energy Level
NA42,800.00 kJ/mol
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
1.3.17 16th Energy Level
NA49,396.00 kJ/mol
Iron Metal
47206 109480
1.3.22 17th Energy Level
NA52,737.00 kJ/mol
Copper
52737 122200
1.3.25 18th Energy Level
NA134,810.00 kJ/mol
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
1.3.28 19th Energy Level
NA145,170.00 kJ/mol
Copper Metal
64702 148700
1.4.2 20th Energy Level
NA154,700.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
1.4.6 21st Energy Level
NA167,400.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
1.5.3 22nd Energy Level
NA178,100.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
1.5.8 23rd Energy Level
NA189,300.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
1.5.12 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
1.5.17 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
1.5.21 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
1.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
1.5.31 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
1.7.3 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
2.1.1 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
2.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
2.6 Electron Work Function
4.22 eV5.00 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
2.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
3 Atomic
3.1 Atomic Number
4822
Lithium Metal
3 117
3.3 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
3.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
3.4.1 Crystal Lattice
3.5 Atom
3.5.1 Number of Protons
4822
Lithium Metal
3 117
3.6.3 Number of Neutrons
6426
Lithium Metal
4 184
3.7.2 Number of Electrons
4822
Lithium Metal
3 117
4.3 Radius of an Atom
4.3.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm147.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
4.5.1 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm160.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
4.7.1 Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
4.10 Atomic Weight
112.41 amu47.87 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
4.11 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
5.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
5.2.1 Previous Element
5.2.2 Next Element
5.3 Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
5.4 Lattice Constant
297.94 pm295.08 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
5.5 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
5.6 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89NA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
6 Mechanical
6.1 Density
6.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
6.3.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm34.11 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
6.5 Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa434.00 MPa
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
6.7 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
6.9 Vapor Pressure
6.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
6.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA0.98 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
6.12 Elasticity properties
6.12.1 Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa44.00 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
6.14.2 Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa110.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
6.16.2 Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa116.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
6.20 Poisson Ratio
0.300.32
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
7.3 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.654,500.00
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
8.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.4 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.5 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
8.4 Electrical Properties
8.4.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Poor Conductor
8.4.2 Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
8.6.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
9.1.3 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol7.60 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
10 Thermal
10.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
10.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
10.3 Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
10.5 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
10.7 Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)8.60 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
11.2 Enthalpy
11.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
11.2.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
11.3.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
12.2 Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1