1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.7 CAS Number
74399877440199
7429905
54386242
1.9 Space Group Name
1.10 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
- Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %5 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.8.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.11.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.11.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.5.2 Abundance In Oceans
4.5.5 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
- Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.3.1 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
2,617.00 °C1,072.00 °C
27
3410
6.4 Boiling Point
4,612.00 °C1,900.00 °C
147
5660
6.6 Appearance
6.6.1 Physical State
6.6.2 Color
6.6.3 Luster
6.7 Hardness
6.7.1 Mohs Hardness
6.9.1 Brinell Hardness
1,370.00 MPa441.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.1.2 Vickers Hardness
1,400.00 MPa412.00 MPa
121
3430
8.3 Speed of Sound
5,400.00 m/s2,130.00 m/s
818
16200
8.5 Optical Properties
8.5.1 Refractive Index
8.6.2 Reflectivity
8.8 Allotropes
8.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
10.2 Electronegativity
10.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
10.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
10.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
10.4.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.4.5 Allen Electronegativity
10.8 Electropositivity
10.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
11.2 Ionization Energies
11.2.1 1st Energy Level
684.30 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
11.2.5 2nd Energy Level
1,560.00 kJ/mol1,070.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
11.2.7 3rd Energy Level
2,618.00 kJ/mol2,260.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.3.3 4th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol3,990.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
11.3.5 5th Energy Level
5,257.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
11.3.7 6th Energy Level
6,640.80 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
11.4.2 7th Energy level
12,125.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
11.4.3 8th Energy Level
13,860.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
12.1.1 9th Energy Level
15,835.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
12.3.1 10th Energy Level
17,980.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
12.4.1 11th Energy Level
20,190.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
13.1.1 12th Energy Level
22,219.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
13.2.2 13th Energy Level
26,930.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
13.3.1 14th Energy Level
29,196.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
13.5.2 15th Energy Level
52,490.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
13.5.3 16th Energy Level
55,000.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
13.5.6 17th Energy Level
61,400.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
13.5.8 18th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
13.5.9 19th Energy Level
74,000.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
13.6.2 20th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
13.6.3 21st Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
13.6.4 22nd Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/molNA
93400
184900
13.6.5 23rd Energy Level
98,420.00 kJ/molNA
98420
198800
13.6.7 24th Energy Level
104,400.00 kJ/molNA
104400
195200
13.6.8 25th Energy Level
121,900.00 kJ/molNA
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121900
121900
13.6.9 26th Energy Level
127,700.00 kJ/molNA
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127700
127700
13.6.10 27th Energy Level
133,800.00 kJ/molNA
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133800
133800
13.6.11 28th Energy Level
139,800.00 kJ/molNA
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139800
139800
13.6.12 29th Energy Level
148,100.00 kJ/molNA
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148100
148100
13.6.13 30th Energy Level
154,500.00 kJ/molNA
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154500
154500
13.7 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.89 g/amp-hr1.87 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
13.8 Electron Work Function
13.9 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
14.3 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s1
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
14.4 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
14.4.1 Crystal Lattice
14.5 Atom
14.5.1 Number of Protons
14.6.2 Number of Neutrons
14.6.4 Number of Electrons
14.7 Radius of an Atom
14.7.1 Atomic Radius
139.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
14.7.3 Covalent Radius
154.00 pm198.00 pm
96
260
14.7.4 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm229.00 pm
139
348
14.8 Atomic Weight
95.95 amu150.36 amu
6.94
294
14.9 Atomic Volume
9.40 cm3/mol19.95 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
14.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
14.10.1 Previous Element
14.10.2 Next Element
14.11 Valence Electron Potential
88.60 (-eV)44.80 (-eV)
8
392.42
14.12 Lattice Constant
314.70 pm362.10 pm
228.58
891.25
14.13 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
14.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
10.28 g/cm37.52 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.33 g/cm37.16 g/cm3
0.512
20
15.2 Tensile Strength
15.3 Viscosity
15.4 Vapor Pressure
15.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.4.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
15.5 Elasticity properties
15.5.1 Shear Modulus
126.00 GPa19.50 GPa
1.3
222
15.5.3 Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa37.80 GPa
1.6
462
15.5.5 Young's Modulus
329.00 GPa49.70 GPa
1.7
528
15.6 Poisson Ratio
15.7 Other Mechanical Properties
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
16.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
16.1.4 Permeability
16.1.6 Susceptibility
16.2 Electrical Properties
16.2.1 Electrical Property
16.2.2 Resistivity
53.40 nΩ·m0.94 nΩ·m
0.18
961
16.2.5 Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
16.2.8 Electron Affinity
71.90 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
0.25 J/(kg K)0.20 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K29.54 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.3 Thermal Conductivity
138.00 W/m·K13.30 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.5 Critical Temperature
17.7 Thermal Expansion
4.80 µm/(m·K)12.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
18.2 Enthalpy
18.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
594.10 kJ/mol166.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
18.5.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
27.61 kJ/mol8.62 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
18.5.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
653.00 kJ/mol209.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
18.6 Standard Molar Entropy
28.70 J/mol.K69.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1