1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.2 Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
1.4 CAS Number
74400427440702
7429905
54386242
1.5 Space Group Name
1.6 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Humphry Davy
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %7 * 10-3 %
5E-09
0.11
2.7.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %~0.007 %
1E-08
0.1
2.9.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.4 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.6 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
NA170,000.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
3,045.00 °C839.00 °C
27
3410
6.3 Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C1,484.00 °C
147
5660
6.4 Appearance
6.4.1 Physical State
6.4.2 Color
6.4.3 Luster
6.5 Hardness
6.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.1.1 Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa170.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.2.1 Vickers Hardness
7.5 Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s3,810.00 m/s
818
16200
7.6 Optical Properties
7.6.1 Refractive Index
7.6.2 Reflectivity
7.7 Allotropes
7.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.5.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.5.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.2.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.3.2 Allen Electronegativity
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol589.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol1,145.40 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.5 3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol4,912.40 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.5.7 4th Energy Level
NA6,491.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.6.2 5th Energy Level
NA8,153.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.7.2 6th Energy Level
NA10,496.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
9.7.4 7th Energy level
NA12,270.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
9.7.6 8th Energy Level
NA14,206.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
9.7.8 9th Energy Level
NA18,191.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
9.7.10 10th Energy Level
NA20,385.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
9.7.12 11th Energy Level
NA57,110.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
9.7.14 12th Energy Level
NA63,410.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
9.7.16 13th Energy Level
NA70,110.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
9.7.19 14th Energy Level
NA78,890.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
9.7.20 15th Energy Level
NA86,310.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
9.7.22 16th Energy Level
NA94,000.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
9.7.24 17th Energy Level
NA104,900.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
9.7.26 18th Energy Level
NA111,711.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
9.7.28 19th Energy Level
9.7.29 20th Energy Level
9.7.31 21st Energy Level
9.7.33 22nd Energy Level
9.7.35 23rd Energy Level
9.7.37 24th Energy Level
9.7.38 25th Energy Level
9.7.40 26th Energy Level
9.7.42 27th Energy Level
9.7.44 28th Energy Level
9.7.46 29th Energy Level
9.7.48 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr0.75 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Ar] 4s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.3 Number of Neutrons
10.5.1 Number of Electrons
10.7 Radius of an Atom
10.7.1 Atomic Radius
133.80 pm197.00 pm
112
265
11.1.1 Covalent Radius
11.4.2 Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm231.00 pm
139
348
11.5 Atomic Weight
190.23 amu40.08 amu
6.94
294
11.6 Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol29.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.7.1 Previous Element
11.7.2 Next Element
11.8 Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)29.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.10 Lattice Constant
273.44 pm558.84 pm
228.58
891.25
11.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm31.55 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm31.38 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.4 Tensile Strength
12.7 Viscosity
12.9 Vapor Pressure
12.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA25.50 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
12.11.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.2 Elasticity properties
13.2.1 Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa7.40 GPa
1.3
222
13.2.2 Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa17.00 GPa
1.6
462
13.2.4 Young's Modulus
13.5 Poisson Ratio
13.7 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
14.1.4 Permeability
14.2.2 Susceptibility
14.3 Electrical Properties
14.3.1 Electrical Property
14.3.2 Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m33.60 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω0.30 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.3.6 Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol2.37 kJ/mol
0
222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.63 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K25.93 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.3 Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K201.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.5 Critical Temperature
16.6 Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)22.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
16.7 Enthalpy
16.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol150.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
16.7.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol8.54 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.1.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol184.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.4 Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K41.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1