Symbol
Pt
Bi
Group Number
1015
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
66
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
74400647440699
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
C12/m1
Space Group Number
225.0012.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
- Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
In 1735
In 1753
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
-0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
-
Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.02 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.20 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C271.30 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C1,560.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.502.25
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa70.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa30.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s1,790.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.412.50
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
73.00 %70.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Pt
Bi
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3533
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.282.02
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.282.34
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.441.67
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.202.15
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.722.01
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.721.98
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol1,610.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,277.00 kJ/mol2,466.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol4,370.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol8,520.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
8,700.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,660.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol70,300.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol70,300.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol7,030.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr2.60 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV4.22 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
7883
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
7883
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
117126
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
7883
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm156.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm148.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm207.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu208.98 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol21.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)41.90 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm667.40 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
-
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.561.86
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm39.78 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm310.05 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa32.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa12.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa31.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa32.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.380.33
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.459.79
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m1.29 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol91.20 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K25.52 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K7.97 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
2,041.00 K544.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)13.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol151.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol10.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol207.10 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K56.70 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻