1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
1.7 CAS Number
74400977440508
7429905
54386242
1.3 Space Group Name
1.4 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
2.3 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals
2.4 History
2.4.1 Who Discovered
2.5.1 Discovery
In 1807
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
2.6 Abundance
2.6.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %6 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
3.6.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~0.00007 %
1E-08
0.1
3.10.1 Abundance In Meteorites
5.7.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.1.2 Abundance In Oceans
7.6.2 Abundance In Humans
8 Uses
8.1 Uses & Benefits
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
8.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
8.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
8.1.3 Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
8.2 Biological Properties
8.2.1 Toxicity
8.2.2 Present in Human Body
8.2.3 In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-31.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
8.2.4 In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.26.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
63.65 °C1,084.62 °C
27
3410
10.4 Boiling Point
774.00 °C2,562.00 °C
147
5660
11.3 Appearance
11.3.1 Physical State
11.3.2 Color
11.3.3 Luster
11.4 Hardness
11.4.1 Mohs Hardness
1.3.1 Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa235.00 MPa
0.14
3490
1.6.2 Vickers Hardness
1.9 Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s3,810.00 m/s
818
16200
3.2 Optical Properties
3.2.1 Refractive Index
3.5.2 Reflectivity
3.9 Allotropes
3.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4 Chemical
4.1 Chemical Formula
4.2 Isotopes
4.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.2 Electronegativity
5.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.2.7 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.1.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.7.1 Allen Electronegativity
9.2 Electropositivity
9.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
10.3 Ionization Energies
10.3.1 1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol745.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.6.3 2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol1,957.90 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.8.2 3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol3,555.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.3.4 4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol5,536.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
11.6.2 5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol7,700.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
11.6.6 6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol9,900.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
11.6.8 7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol13,400.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
11.7.3 8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol16,000.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
11.8.2 9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol19,200.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
11.8.5 10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol22,400.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
11.8.10 11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol25,600.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
11.8.12 12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol35,600.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
11.8.16 13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol38,700.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
11.10.4 14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol42,000.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
11.11.3 15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol46,700.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
11.11.7 16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol50,200.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
11.11.10 17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol53,700.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
11.11.12 18th Energy Level
NA61,100.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
11.11.16 19th Energy Level
NA64,702.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
11.11.19 20th Energy Level
NA163,700.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
11.11.21 21st Energy Level
NA174,100.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
11.11.25 22nd Energy Level
NA184,900.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
11.11.26 23rd Energy Level
NA198,800.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
11.11.28 24th Energy Level
11.11.32 25th Energy Level
11.12.1 26th Energy Level
11.12.4 27th Energy Level
11.12.6 28th Energy Level
11.12.9 29th Energy Level
11.13.2 30th Energy Level
11.14 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr1.19 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
12.2 Electron Work Function
12.3 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.5 Electron Configuration
13.6 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
13.6.1 Crystal Lattice
13.7 Atom
13.7.1 Number of Protons
13.7.8 Number of Neutrons
13.7.17 Number of Electrons
13.9 Radius of an Atom
13.9.1 Atomic Radius
227.00 pm128.00 pm
112
265
13.9.8 Covalent Radius
203.00 pm132.00 pm
96
260
13.12.1 Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm140.00 pm
139
348
13.16 Atomic Weight
39.10 amu63.55 amu
6.94
294
15.2 Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol7.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
15.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
15.6.1 Previous Element
15.6.2 Next Element
15.8 Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)34.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
15.13 Lattice Constant
532.80 pm361.49 pm
228.58
891.25
16.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
16.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm38.96 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
17.2.6 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm38.02 g/cm3
0.512
20
18.4 Tensile Strength
18.7 Viscosity
19.2 Vapor Pressure
19.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
20.2.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
21.5 Elasticity properties
21.5.1 Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa48.00 GPa
1.3
222
21.12.1 Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa140.00 GPa
1.6
462
22.4.1 Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa120.00 GPa
1.7
528
22.8 Poisson Ratio
22.12 Other Mechanical Properties
23 Magnetic
23.1 Magnetic Characteristics
23.1.1 Specific Gravity
24.3.4 Magnetic Ordering
24.3.5 Permeability
NA1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
24.3.9 Susceptibility
NA-9.63 * 10-6
-0.000166
200000
24.6 Electrical Properties
24.6.1 Electrical Property
24.6.2 Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m16.78 nΩ·m
0.18
961
25.2.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.60 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
26.1.3 Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol222.80 kJ/mol
0
222.8
27 Thermal
27.1 Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)0.38 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
27.5 Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K24.44 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
28.3 Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K401.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
28.5 Critical Temperature
28.8 Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)16.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
29.2 Enthalpy
29.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol283.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
29.4.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol7.11 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
29.7.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol338.90 kJ/mol
61.5
837
29.8 Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K33.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1