Bismuth

Sodium

Bismuth Sodium Comparison

Bismuth

Sodium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

151

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

2.3 Block

p block

s block

2.4 Element Family

Post-Transition

Alkali

2.5 CAS Number

74406997440235

7429905 54386242

3.2 Space Group Name

C12/m1

Im_ 3m

3.3 Space Group Number

12.00229.00

11 229

4 Facts

4.1 Interesting Facts

Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.

It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.

At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).

4.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

By Electrolysis Process, Mining

4.3 History

4.3.1 Who Discovered

Claude François Geoffroy

Humphry Davy

4.3.2 Discovery

In 1753

In 1807

4.4 Abundance

4.4.1 Abundance In Universe

7 * 10^-8 %2 * 10^-3 %

5E-09 0.11

4.5.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.000006 %~0.004 %

1E-08 0.1

4.6.1 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.55 %

1.7E-07 22

4.6.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %2.30 %

9.9E-12 8.1

4.7.2 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %1.10 %

2E-23 1.1

4.9.2 Abundance In Humans

NA0.14 %

1E-13 1.4

5 Uses

5.1 Uses & Benefits

Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.

In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.

5.1.1 Industrial Uses

Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

5.1.2 Medical Uses

Pharmaceutical Industry

5.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

5.2 Biological Properties

5.2.1 Toxicity

Low Toxic

Toxic

5.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

5.2.3 In Blood

0.02 Blood/mg dm-31,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

5.2.6 In Bone

0.20 p.p.m.10,000.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

6 Physical

6.1 Melting Point

271.30 °C97.72 °C

27 3410

6.3 Boiling Point

1,560.00 °C883.00 °C

147 5660

6.4 Appearance

6.4.1 Physical State

Solid

6.4.2 Color

Silver

Silvery White

6.4.3 Luster

Metallic

6.5 Hardness

6.5.1 Mohs Hardness

2.250.50

0.2 8.5

6.5.5 Brinell Hardness

70.00 MPa0.69 MPa

0.14 3490

6.5.7 Vickers Hardness

NANA

121 3430

6.6 Speed of Sound

1,790.00 m/s3,200.00 m/s

818 16200

6.7 Optical Properties

6.7.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

6.7.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

6.8 Allotropes

✔ ✘

6.8.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

6.8.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

6.8.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

7 Chemical

7.1 Chemical Formula

7.2 Isotopes

7.2.1 Known Isotopes

3317

0 38

7.3 Electronegativity

7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

2.020.93

0.7 2.54

7.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity

2.340.56

0.22 2.56

7.3.6 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.671.01

0.86 1.82

7.3.8 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

2.150.91

0.62 2.48

7.3.10 Allen Electronegativity

2.010.87

0.659 2.7

7.4 Electropositivity

7.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

1.983.07

1.46 3.3

7.5 Ionization Energies

7.5.1 1st Energy Level

703.00 kJ/mol495.80 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

7.5.4 2nd Energy Level

1,610.00 kJ/mol4,562.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

7.5.7 3rd Energy Level

2,466.00 kJ/mol6,910.30 kJ/mol

1600 34230

7.5.11 4th Energy Level

4,370.00 kJ/mol9,543.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

7.5.15 5th Energy Level

5,400.00 kJ/mol13,354.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

7.5.19 6th Energy Level

8,520.00 kJ/mol16,613.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

7.5.22 7th Energy level

NA20,117.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

7.5.25 8th Energy Level

NA25,496.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

7.6.2 9th Energy Level

NA28,932.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

7.6.3 10th Energy Level

NA141,362.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

7.7.2 11th Energy Level

NA159,076.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

8.2.1 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

8.6.1 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

8.6.2 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

9.1.2 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

9.4.2 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

9.4.4 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

9.4.6 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

9.5.2 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

9.5.5 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

9.6.3 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

9.6.4 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

9.7.1 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

9.7.3 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

9.8.1 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

9.9.1 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

9.9.2 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

9.12.1 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

9.12.2 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

9.15.1 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

9.17 Electrochemical Equivalent

2.60 g/amp-hr0.86 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

10.4 Electron Work Function

4.22 eV2.75 eV

2.14 5.65

11.2 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility

12 Atomic

12.1 Atomic Number

8311

3 117

12.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³

[Ne] 3s¹

12.3 Crystal Structure

Rhombohedral (RHO)

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

12.3.1 Crystal Lattice

12.4 Atom

12.4.1 Number of Protons

8311

3 117

12.5.1 Number of Neutrons

12612

4 184

12.7.1 Number of Electrons

8311

3 117

12.11 Radius of an Atom

12.11.1 Atomic Radius

156.00 pm186.00 pm

112 265

12.11.2 Covalent Radius

148.00 pm166.00 pm

96 260

12.11.5 Van der Waals Radius

207.00 pm227.00 pm

139 348

12.14 Atomic Weight

208.98 amu22.99 amu

6.94 294

12.15 Atomic Volume

21.30 cm3/mol23.70 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

12.16 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

12.16.1 Previous Element

12.16.2 Next Element

12.17 Valence Electron Potential

41.90 (-eV)14.10 (-eV)

8 392.42

12.18 Lattice Constant

667.40 pm429.06 pm

228.58 891.25

12.21 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

12.22 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

14 Mechanical

14.1 Density

14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

9.78 g/cm³0.97 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

15.1.6 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

10.05 g/cm30.93 g/cm3

0.512 20

15.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

15.5 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

15.6 Vapor Pressure

15.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

15.6.4 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

15.7 Elasticity properties

15.7.1 Shear Modulus

12.00 GPa3.30 GPa

1.3 222

16.1.1 Bulk Modulus

31.00 GPa6.30 GPa

1.6 462

17.2.1 Young's Modulus

32.00 GPa10.00 GPa

1.7 528

17.5 Poisson Ratio

0.33NA

0.032 0.47

17.7 Other Mechanical Properties

18 Magnetic

18.1 Magnetic Characteristics

18.1.1 Specific Gravity

9.790.97

0.53 4500

18.3.1 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

Paramagnetic

18.3.2 Permeability

0.00 H/mNA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

18.4.1 Susceptibility

0.00NA

-0.000166 200000

18.6 Electrical Properties

18.6.1 Electrical Property

Semiconductor

Conductor

18.6.2 Resistivity

1.29 nΩ·m47.70 nΩ·m

0.18 961

18.8.2 Electrical Conductivity

0.01 10⁶/cm Ω0.21 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

18.8.4 Electron Affinity

91.20 kJ/mol52.80 kJ/mol

0 222.8

19 Thermal

19.1 Specific Heat

0.12 J/(kg K)1.23 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

19.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.52 J/mol·K28.23 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

19.5 Thermal Conductivity

7.97 W/m·K142.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

19.6 Critical Temperature

NA2,573.00 K

26.3 3223

19.7 Thermal Expansion

13.40 µm/(m·K)71.00 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

19.8 Enthalpy

19.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

151.00 kJ/mol89.04 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

19.8.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

10.90 kJ/mol2.59 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

19.8.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

207.10 kJ/mol108.40 kJ/mol

61.5 837

19.9 Standard Molar Entropy

56.70 J/mol.K51.30 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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