1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.6 Block
1.7 Element Family
Post-Transition
Alkaline Earth
1.8 CAS Number
74406997440246
7429905
54386242
1.9 Space Group Name
1.10 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
William Cruickshank
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %4 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.5 Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %~0.000005 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.11 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.15 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.19 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.22 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
-
By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.4 In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-30.03 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.9 In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.140.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
271.30 °C769.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C1,384.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.5.2 Brinell Hardness
5.1.1 Vickers Hardness
5.6 Speed of Sound
6.3 Optical Properties
6.3.1 Refractive Index
6.4.1 Reflectivity
6.8 Allotropes
6.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.4 Electronegativity
7.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.6.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.1.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.1.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.1.6 Allen Electronegativity
8.2 Electropositivity
8.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.4 Ionization Energies
8.4.1 1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol549.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.5.1 2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol1,064.20 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.7.1 3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol4,138.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.8.2 4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol5,500.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.10.1 5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol6,910.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.11.2 6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol8,760.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
8.14.1 7th Energy level
NA10,230.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
9.1.3 8th Energy Level
NA11,800.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
9.1.4 9th Energy Level
NA15,600.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
9.1.7 10th Energy Level
NA17,100.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
9.2.1 11th Energy Level
NA31,270.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
9.3.1 12th Energy Level
10.2.1 13th Energy Level
10.3.4 14th Energy Level
10.3.7 15th Energy Level
10.5.2 16th Energy Level
10.5.4 17th Energy Level
10.5.6 18th Energy Level
10.5.9 19th Energy Level
11.1.1 20th Energy Level
11.4.1 21st Energy Level
11.5.1 22nd Energy Level
12.2.1 23rd Energy Level
12.3.2 24th Energy Level
12.3.4 25th Energy Level
12.4.2 26th Energy Level
12.4.5 27th Energy Level
12.5.2 28th Energy Level
12.5.3 29th Energy Level
12.5.5 30th Energy Level
12.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr1.64 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
13.2 Electron Work Function
13.4 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
14.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Kr] 5s2
14.4 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
14.4.1 Crystal Lattice
14.5 Atom
14.5.1 Number of Protons
14.6.1 Number of Neutrons
14.7.1 Number of Electrons
14.9 Radius of an Atom
14.9.1 Atomic Radius
156.00 pm215.00 pm
112
265
14.9.3 Covalent Radius
148.00 pm195.00 pm
96
260
14.9.4 Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm249.00 pm
139
348
14.10 Atomic Weight
208.98 amu87.62 amu
6.94
294
14.12 Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol33.70 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
14.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
14.13.1 Previous Element
14.13.2 Next Element
14.14 Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)25.70 (-eV)
8
392.42
14.15 Lattice Constant
667.40 pm608.49 pm
228.58
891.25
14.16 Lattice Angles
14.17 Lattice C/A Ratio
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm32.64 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm32.38 g/cm3
0.512
20
15.2 Tensile Strength
15.3 Viscosity
15.4 Vapor Pressure
15.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA121.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
15.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
15.5 Elasticity properties
15.5.1 Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa6.03 GPa
1.3
222
15.5.2 Bulk Modulus
15.5.3 Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa15.70 GPa
1.7
528
15.6 Poisson Ratio
15.7 Other Mechanical Properties
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
16.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
16.1.3 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
16.1.4 Susceptibility
16.2 Electrical Properties
16.2.1 Electrical Property
16.2.2 Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m132.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
16.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
16.2.4 Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol5.03 kJ/mol
0
222.8
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.30 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K26.40 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.3 Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K35.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.4 Critical Temperature
17.5 Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)22.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.6 Enthalpy
17.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol150.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol9.16 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol163.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.7 Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K55.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1