1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Post-Transition
1.7 CAS Number
74402467440280
7429905
54386242
2.3 Space Group Name
2.4 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
William Cruickshank
William Crookes
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-6 %5 * 10-9 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.7 Abundance In Meteorites
3.5.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.6.4 Abundance In Oceans
3.6.6 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
-
By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.6 In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
769.00 °C303.50 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C1,457.00 °C
147
5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.4.4 Brinell Hardness
5.4.8 Vickers Hardness
5.5 Speed of Sound
5.6 Optical Properties
5.6.1 Refractive Index
5.6.4 Reflectivity
5.7 Allotropes
5.7.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.4 Electronegativity
6.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.5.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.4.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.4.6 Allen Electronegativity
7.6 Electropositivity
7.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.7 Ionization Energies
7.7.1 1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol589.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.7.3 2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol1,971.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.8.1 3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol2,878.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.9.1 4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
7.11.1 5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
7.11.2 6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
7.12.1 7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
7.14.1 8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
8.1.2 9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
8.1.4 10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
8.1.5 11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
8.3.1 12th Energy Level
8.4.2 13th Energy Level
8.4.4 14th Energy Level
8.5.2 15th Energy Level
8.5.3 16th Energy Level
8.5.5 17th Energy Level
8.5.7 18th Energy Level
8.5.8 19th Energy Level
8.6.1 20th Energy Level
8.6.2 21st Energy Level
9.1.2 22nd Energy Level
9.1.5 23rd Energy Level
9.1.6 24th Energy Level
9.1.8 25th Energy Level
9.2.3 26th Energy Level
9.2.4 27th Energy Level
9.2.6 28th Energy Level
9.2.7 29th Energy Level
9.2.9 30th Energy Level
9.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr7.63 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.2 Electron Work Function
10.4 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
11.3 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
11.4 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
11.4.1 Crystal Lattice
11.5 Atom
11.5.1 Number of Protons
11.6.1 Number of Neutrons
11.7.1 Number of Electrons
11.9 Radius of an Atom
11.9.1 Atomic Radius
215.00 pm170.00 pm
112
265
11.9.3 Covalent Radius
195.00 pm145.00 pm
96
260
11.9.4 Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm196.00 pm
139
348
11.10 Atomic Weight
87.62 amu204.38 amu
6.94
294
11.12 Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol17.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.13.1 Previous Element
11.13.2 Next Element
11.14 Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)9.60 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.15 Lattice Constant
608.49 pm345.66 pm
228.58
891.25
11.16 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
11.17 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm311.85 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm311.22 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.2 Tensile Strength
12.3 Viscosity
12.4 Vapor Pressure
12.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)16.90 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
12.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.5 Elasticity properties
12.5.1 Shear Modulus
12.5.2 Bulk Modulus
12.5.3 Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa8.00 GPa
1.7
528
12.6 Poisson Ratio
12.7 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
13.1.3 Permeability
13.1.4 Susceptibility
13.2 Electrical Properties
13.2.1 Electrical Property
13.2.2 Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m0.18 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω0.06 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.2.4 Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol19.20 kJ/mol
0
222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K26.32 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.3 Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K46.10 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.4 Critical Temperature
14.5 Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)29.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
14.6 Enthalpy
14.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol162.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
14.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol4.27 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
14.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol179.90 kJ/mol
61.5
837
14.7 Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K64.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1