1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.3 Period Number
2.5 Block
2.6 Element Family
Post-Transition
Alkaline Earth
2.7 CAS Number
74406997440246
7429905
54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
2.9 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
William Cruickshank
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %4 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %~0.000005 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.6.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.6.4 Abundance In Oceans
3.6.6 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
-
By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-30.03 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.140.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
271.30 °C769.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C1,384.00 °C
147
5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.4.3 Brinell Hardness
5.4.5 Vickers Hardness
5.5 Speed of Sound
5.6 Optical Properties
5.6.1 Refractive Index
5.6.2 Reflectivity
5.7 Allotropes
5.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.3.8 Allen Electronegativity
6.4 Electropositivity
6.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.5 Ionization Energies
6.5.1 1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol549.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol1,064.20 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.5.4 3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol4,138.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
6.5.6 4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol5,500.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
6.5.8 5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol6,910.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
6.5.10 6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol8,760.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
6.5.11 7th Energy level
NA10,230.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
6.5.13 8th Energy Level
NA11,800.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
6.5.15 9th Energy Level
NA15,600.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
6.5.16 10th Energy Level
NA17,100.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
6.5.18 11th Energy Level
NA31,270.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
6.5.20 12th Energy Level
6.5.22 13th Energy Level
6.5.24 14th Energy Level
6.5.26 15th Energy Level
6.5.28 16th Energy Level
6.6.1 17th Energy Level
6.6.2 18th Energy Level
6.6.3 19th Energy Level
6.7.1 20th Energy Level
6.7.2 21st Energy Level
7.1.1 22nd Energy Level
7.1.2 23rd Energy Level
7.1.3 24th Energy Level
7.1.4 25th Energy Level
7.4.2 26th Energy Level
7.4.3 27th Energy Level
7.4.4 28th Energy Level
7.4.6 29th Energy Level
7.4.7 30th Energy Level
7.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr1.64 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
7.6 Electron Work Function
7.7 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
8.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Kr] 5s2
8.4 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
8.4.1 Crystal Lattice
8.5 Atom
8.5.1 Number of Protons
8.5.3 Number of Neutrons
8.5.5 Number of Electrons
8.7 Radius of an Atom
8.7.1 Atomic Radius
156.00 pm215.00 pm
112
265
8.7.2 Covalent Radius
148.00 pm195.00 pm
96
260
8.8.1 Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm249.00 pm
139
348
8.9 Atomic Weight
208.98 amu87.62 amu
6.94
294
8.12 Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol33.70 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
8.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
8.13.1 Previous Element
8.13.2 Next Element
8.14 Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)25.70 (-eV)
8
392.42
8.16 Lattice Constant
667.40 pm608.49 pm
228.58
891.25
8.19 Lattice Angles
8.20 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm32.64 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm32.38 g/cm3
0.512
20
10.2 Tensile Strength
10.4 Viscosity
10.5 Vapor Pressure
10.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA121.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
10.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
10.8 Elasticity properties
10.8.1 Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa6.03 GPa
1.3
222
10.8.2 Bulk Modulus
10.8.4 Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa15.70 GPa
1.7
528
10.10 Poisson Ratio
10.11 Other Mechanical Properties
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
11.1.4 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
11.1.5 Susceptibility
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
11.2.2 Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m132.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
11.2.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
11.2.5 Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol5.03 kJ/mol
0
222.8
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.30 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
12.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K26.40 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.2 Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K35.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.3 Critical Temperature
13.4 Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)22.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
13.5 Enthalpy
13.5.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol150.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol9.16 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
13.6.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol163.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K55.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1