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Indium
Indium

Ruthenium
Ruthenium



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Indium
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Indium Ruthenium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
In
Ru
1.3 Group Number
138
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.7 Period Number
55
Lithium Metal
2 7
2.5 Block
p block
d block
2.6 Element Family
Post-​Transition
Transition Metal
2.7 CAS Number
74407467440188
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
I4/mmm
P63/mmc
1.2 Space Group Number
139.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
2.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Karl Ernst Claus
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1863
In 1844
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %4 * 10-7 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.5.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %~0.0000005 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.8.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
2.10.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
4.4.3 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
4.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
Medical Research
Medical Research
6.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
NANA
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
6.3.2 In Bone
NANA
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
156.61 °C2,250.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
7.2 Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C3,900.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
7.3 Appearance
7.3.2 Physical State
Solid
Solid
7.3.3 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
7.3.4 Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
7.4 Hardness
7.4.1 Mohs Hardness
1.206.50
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
8.3.2 Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa2,160.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
9.1.1 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
10.4 Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s5,970.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
10.6 Optical Properties
10.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
10.8.3 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
10.9 Allotropes
10.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
In
Ru
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
3526
Tennessine Metal
0 38
11.4 Electronegativity
11.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.782.20
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
11.5.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14NA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
11.9.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.491.42
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
11.10.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76NA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
12.2.2 Allen Electronegativity
1.661.54
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
12.4 Electropositivity
12.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.221.80
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
12.5 Ionization Energies
12.5.1 1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol710.20 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
12.5.4 2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol710.22 kJ/mol
Palladium
710.2162 28750
12.5.7 3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol2,747.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
12.5.10 4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/molNA
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
12.5.12 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
12.5.15 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
12.6.2 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
12.7.2 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
12.7.5 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
12.7.8 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
12.7.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
12.7.13 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
12.7.17 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
12.7.21 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
12.7.24 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
12.7.27 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
12.7.30 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
12.7.33 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
12.7.36 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
12.7.39 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
12.7.41 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
12.7.44 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
12.7.47 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
12.7.49 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
12.7.52 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
12.8.2 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
12.8.3 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
12.9.2 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
13.1.2 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
13.1.3 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
13.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr1.26 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
13.6 Electron Work Function
4.12 eV4.71 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
13.7 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
4944
Lithium Metal
3 117
14.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
14.3 Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
14.4.2 Crystal Lattice
14.5 Atom
14.5.1 Number of Protons
4944
Lithium Metal
3 117
14.5.5 Number of Neutrons
6657
Lithium Metal
4 184
14.5.9 Number of Electrons
4944
Lithium Metal
3 117
14.7 Radius of an Atom
14.7.1 Atomic Radius
167.00 pm134.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
14.8.2 Covalent Radius
142.00 pm146.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
14.11.1 Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
14.13 Atomic Weight
114.82 amu101.07 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
14.17 Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol8.30 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
16.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
16.2.1 Previous Element
16.2.2 Next Element
16.3 Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)64.00 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
16.7 Lattice Constant
325.23 pm270.59 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
16.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
16.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.58
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm312.45 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
17.2.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm310.65 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
17.5 Tensile Strength
2.50 MPaNA
Gold
2.5 11000
17.6 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
17.7 Vapor Pressure
17.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)NA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
17.8.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA0.00 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
17.10 Elasticity properties
17.10.1 Shear Modulus
NA173.00 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
18.1.2 Bulk Modulus
NA220.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
18.3.3 Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa447.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
18.7 Poisson Ratio
NA0.30
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
19.2 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
20 Magnetic
20.1 Magnetic Characteristics
20.1.1 Specific Gravity
7.3112.45
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
20.1.4 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
20.1.5 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
20.1.7 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
20.3 Electrical Properties
20.3.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
20.3.2 Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m71.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
21.4.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
21.5.2 Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol101.30 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
22 Thermal
22.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
22.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K24.06 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
22.4 Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K117.00 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
22.6 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
22.7 Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)6.40 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
22.8 Enthalpy
22.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol567.80 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
22.10.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol25.50 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
23.1.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol603.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
23.2 Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K28.50 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1