Livermorium

Palladium

Livermorium vs Palladium

Livermorium

Palladium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

1610

0 17

1.4 Period Number

2 7

1.5 Block

p block

d block

1.6 Element Family

Probably Post-Transition

Transition Metal

1.7 CAS Number

541007197440053

7429905 54386242

1.9 Space Group Name

Not Available

Fm_ 3m

1.10 Space Group Number

NA225.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Not Available

Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)

In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.

Palladium element is known as a good catalyst

2.2 Sources

Synthetically Produced

Ores of metals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

William Hyde Wollaston

2.3.2 Discovery

In 2000

In 1803

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA2 * 10^-7 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.3 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.0000003 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.5.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NA0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.5.2 Abundance In Oceans

NANA

2E-23 1.1

2.5.3 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.

Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Other Uses

Research Purposes

Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Unknown

Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

NANA

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

NANA

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

NA1,554.90 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

NA2,963.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Unknown

Silver

4.3.3 Luster

Unknown Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NA4.75

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NA320.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NA121.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NA3,070.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NA1.72

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NA84.00 %

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

538

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

NA2.20

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NANA

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

NA1.35

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

NA1.59

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

NA1.80

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

723.60 kJ/mol520.23 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,331.50 kJ/mol7,298.22 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,846.30 kJ/mol11,815.13 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

3,811.20 kJ/molNA

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

6,078.60 kJ/molNA

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

1.1.2 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

1.1.3 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

1.1.6 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

1.1.7 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

1.1.9 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

1.1.10 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

1.2.3 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

1.2.4 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

1.2.5 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

1.2.7 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

1.2.8 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

1.2.9 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

1.2.10 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

1.2.12 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

1.2.13 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

1.2.14 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

1.2.15 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

1.2.16 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

1.2.17 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

1.3 Electrochemical Equivalent

NA1.99 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

1.4 Electron Work Function

NA5.12 eV

2.14 5.65

1.5 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Ionization

Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility

2 Atomic

2.1 Atomic Number

11646

3 117

2.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴

[Kr] 4d¹⁰

2.3 Crystal Structure

Not Known

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

2.3.1 Crystal Lattice

2.4 Atom

2.4.1 Number of Protons

11646

3 117

2.4.2 Number of Neutrons

16060

4 184

2.4.3 Number of Electrons

11646

3 117

2.5 Radius of an Atom

2.5.1 Atomic Radius

NA137.00 pm

112 265

2.5.2 Covalent Radius

NA139.00 pm

96 260

2.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

NA163.00 pm

139 348

2.6 Atomic Weight

293.00 amu106.42 amu

6.94 294

2.7 Atomic Volume

NA8.90 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

2.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

2.8.1 Previous Element

2.8.2 Next Element

2.9 Valence Electron Potential

NA33.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

2.10 Lattice Constant

NA389.07 pm

228.58 891.25

2.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

2.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

3 Mechanical

3.1 Density

3.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

NA12.02 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

3.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA10.38 g/cm3

0.512 20

3.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

3.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

3.4 Vapor Pressure

3.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

3.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

3.5 Elasticity properties

3.5.1 Shear Modulus

NA44.00 GPa

1.3 222

3.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NA180.00 GPa

1.6 462

3.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA121.00 GPa

1.7 528

3.6 Poisson Ratio

NA0.39

0.032 0.47

3.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Unknown

Ductile, Malleable, Weldable

4 Magnetic

4.1 Magnetic Characteristics

4.1.1 Specific Gravity

NA12.02

0.53 4500

4.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Diamagnetic

4.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

4.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

4.2 Electrical Properties

4.2.1 Electrical Property

Unknown

Conductor

4.2.2 Resistivity

NA105.40 nΩ·m

0.18 961

4.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

NA0.10 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

4.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA54.23 kJ/mol

0 222.8

5 Thermal

5.1 Specific Heat

NA0.24 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

5.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NA25.98 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

5.3 Thermal Conductivity

NA71.80 W/m·K

6.3 429

5.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

5.5 Thermal Expansion

NA11.80 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

5.6 Enthalpy

5.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA376.60 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

5.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA16.74 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

5.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

NA393.30 kJ/mol

61.5 837

5.7 Standard Molar Entropy

NA37.60 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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