1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.8 Period Number
3.6 Block
3.7 Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
3.8 CAS Number
74399437439921
7429905
54386242
3.12 Space Group Name
3.13 Space Group Number
6 Facts
6.1 Interesting Facts
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
6.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
6.3 History
6.3.1 Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Unknown
6.3.2 Discovery
In 1906
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
6.4 Abundance
6.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
8.2.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.000001 %
1E-08
0.1
9.2.2 Abundance In Meteorites
10.3.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
11.1.4 Abundance In Oceans
12.1.1 Abundance In Humans
14 Uses
14.1 Uses & Benefits
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
14.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
14.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
14.1.3 Other Uses
14.2 Biological Properties
14.2.1 Toxicity
14.2.2 Present in Human Body
14.2.3 In Blood
NA0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
14.6.3 In Bone
15 Physical
15.1 Melting Point
1,652.00 °C327.50 °C
27
3410
16.3 Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C1,740.00 °C
147
5660
16.8 Appearance
16.8.1 Physical State
16.8.2 Color
16.8.3 Luster
16.9 Hardness
16.9.1 Mohs Hardness
16.14.2 Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa38.00 MPa
0.14
3490
16.17.1 Vickers Hardness
17.4 Speed of Sound
17.8 Optical Properties
17.8.1 Refractive Index
18.3.2 Reflectivity
20.4 Allotropes
20.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
20.4.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
20.4.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
21 Chemical
21.1 Chemical Formula
21.2 Isotopes
21.2.1 Known Isotopes
22.4 Electronegativity
22.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
22.4.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
22.6.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
22.7.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
22.8.3 Allen Electronegativity
22.10 Electropositivity
22.10.1 Pauling Electropositivity
22.13 Ionization Energies
22.13.1 1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol715.60 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
22.15.2 2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol1,450.50 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
22.17.3 3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol3,081.50 kJ/mol
1600
34230
22.18.3 4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol4,083.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
22.19.6 5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol6,640.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
22.19.8 6th Energy Level
22.20.3 7th Energy level
23.1.2 8th Energy Level
23.1.6 9th Energy Level
23.1.12 10th Energy Level
23.1.20 11th Energy Level
23.2.6 12th Energy Level
23.2.12 13th Energy Level
23.2.17 14th Energy Level
23.2.25 15th Energy Level
24.1.1 16th Energy Level
24.1.5 17th Energy Level
24.2.2 18th Energy Level
24.3.1 19th Energy Level
24.3.7 20th Energy Level
24.3.14 21st Energy Level
24.4.3 22nd Energy Level
24.4.6 23rd Energy Level
24.5.1 24th Energy Level
24.6.2 25th Energy Level
24.7.3 26th Energy Level
24.8.2 27th Energy Level
24.8.5 28th Energy Level
25.1.3 29th Energy Level
25.1.7 30th Energy Level
25.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr3.87 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
25.8 Electron Work Function
25.9 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
26 Atomic
26.1 Atomic Number
26.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
26.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
26.4.1 Crystal Lattice
26.5 Atom
26.5.1 Number of Protons
27.3.2 Number of Neutrons
27.8.2 Number of Electrons
28.2 Radius of an Atom
28.2.1 Atomic Radius
174.00 pm175.00 pm
112
265
29.1.1 Covalent Radius
187.00 pm146.00 pm
96
260
29.4.3 Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm202.00 pm
139
348
29.9 Atomic Weight
174.97 amu207.20 amu
6.94
294
29.13 Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol18.17 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
29.16 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
29.16.1 Previous Element
29.16.2 Next Element
29.17 Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)24.20 (-eV)
8
392.42
29.19 Lattice Constant
350.31 pm495.08 pm
228.58
891.25
30.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
30.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
31 Mechanical
31.1 Density
31.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm311.34 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
31.2.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm310.66 g/cm3
0.512
20
31.9 Tensile Strength
31.12 Viscosity
31.19 Vapor Pressure
31.19.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)1.64 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
33.1.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
33.4 Elasticity properties
33.4.1 Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa5.60 GPa
1.3
222
33.6.1 Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa46.00 GPa
1.6
462
33.10.1 Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa16.00 GPa
1.7
528
34.4 Poisson Ratio
34.6 Other Mechanical Properties
35 Magnetic
35.1 Magnetic Characteristics
35.1.1 Specific Gravity
35.3.3 Magnetic Ordering
35.3.4 Permeability
36.1.2 Susceptibility
36.3 Electrical Properties
36.3.1 Electrical Property
36.3.2 Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m208.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
36.4.5 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
36.6.3 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol35.10 kJ/mol
0
222.8
38 Thermal
38.1 Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
38.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K26.65 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
39.2 Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K35.30 W/m·K
6.3
429
39.4 Critical Temperature
1.4 Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)28.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
2.2 Enthalpy
2.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol179.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
3.1.4 Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol4.77 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
3.5.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol194.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
1.4 Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K64.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1