1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.3 Period Number
2.5 Block
2.6 Element Family
Probably Post-Transition
Transition Metal
2.7 CAS Number
540856427440031
7429905
54386242
1.3 Space Group Name
1.4 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
2.2 Sources
Synthetically Produced
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Charles Hatchett
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.8.3 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.10.2 Abundance In Meteorites
1.3.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.6.4 Abundance In Oceans
2.9.2 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Ununpentium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.4.2 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
400.00 °C2,468.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
1,100.00 °C2,468.00 °C
147
5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.4.6 Brinell Hardness
6.2.5 Vickers Hardness
6.3 Speed of Sound
6.4 Optical Properties
6.4.1 Refractive Index
6.4.3 Reflectivity
6.5 Allotropes
6.5.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.5.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.5.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.2 Electronegativity
8.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.2.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.2.8 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.4.5 Allen Electronegativity
9.6 Electropositivity
9.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
10.2 Ionization Energies
10.2.1 1st Energy Level
538.40 kJ/mol652.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.3.3 2nd Energy Level
1,756.00 kJ/mol1,380.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
11.2.1 3rd Energy Level
2,653.30 kJ/mol2,416.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.2.4 4th Energy Level
4,679.50 kJ/mol3,700.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
11.8.3 5th Energy Level
5,721.60 kJ/mol4,877.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
11.9.3 6th Energy Level
NA9,847.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
11.9.7 7th Energy level
NA12,100.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
12.2.4 8th Energy Level
12.4.2 9th Energy Level
12.4.8 10th Energy Level
12.5.2 11th Energy Level
12.6.3 12th Energy Level
12.8.2 13th Energy Level
12.10.2 14th Energy Level
12.13.3 15th Energy Level
13.3.2 16th Energy Level
13.5.1 17th Energy Level
14.2.1 18th Energy Level
15.1.3 19th Energy Level
15.2.2 20th Energy Level
15.5.1 21st Energy Level
15.8.2 22nd Energy Level
15.9.2 23rd Energy Level
16.1.1 24th Energy Level
16.1.5 25th Energy Level
16.2.2 26th Energy Level
16.5.2 27th Energy Level
16.5.5 28th Energy Level
16.5.7 29th Energy Level
16.6.2 30th Energy Level
16.7 Electrochemical Equivalent
NA0.69 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
16.9 Electron Work Function
17.2 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
18 Atomic
18.1 Atomic Number
18.5 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
18.6 Crystal Structure
Not Known
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
18.6.1 Crystal Lattice
18.7 Atom
18.7.1 Number of Protons
18.10.3 Number of Neutrons
18.13.2 Number of Electrons
18.16 Radius of an Atom
18.16.1 Atomic Radius
18.16.5 Covalent Radius
20.1.2 Van der Waals Radius
20.4 Atomic Weight
289.00 amu92.91 amu
6.94
294
20.8 Atomic Volume
NA10.87 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
21.5 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
21.5.1 Previous Element
21.5.2 Next Element
21.6 Valence Electron Potential
21.9 Lattice Constant
NA330.04 pm
228.58
891.25
21.12 Lattice Angles
21.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
22 Mechanical
22.1 Density
22.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm38.57 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
22.2.6 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
22.4 Tensile Strength
22.7 Viscosity
22.8 Vapor Pressure
22.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
22.10.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
24.3 Elasticity properties
24.3.1 Shear Modulus
25.1.2 Bulk Modulus
25.1.9 Young's Modulus
25.4 Poisson Ratio
25.6 Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile, Malleable
26 Magnetic
26.1 Magnetic Characteristics
26.1.1 Specific Gravity
26.1.5 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
26.1.6 Permeability
27.1.1 Susceptibility
28.4 Electrical Properties
28.4.1 Electrical Property
28.4.2 Resistivity
28.7.2 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.07 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
28.9.1 Electron Affinity
29 Thermal
29.1 Specific Heat
29.5 Molar Heat Capacity
NA24.60 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
30.2 Thermal Conductivity
30.4 Critical Temperature
30.5 Thermal Expansion
30.9 Enthalpy
30.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA696.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
30.10.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
31.1.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
31.6 Standard Molar Entropy
NA36.40 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1