1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.9 Block
1.10 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.11 CAS Number
74400087440473
7429905
54386242
1.14 Space Group Name
1.15 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1885
In Between 1797 - 1798
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %1.5 * 10-3 %
5E-09
0.11
3.5.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %~0.002 %
1E-08
0.1
3.6.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.9.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.10.3 Abundance In Oceans
4.2.4 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
6.1.3 Other Uses
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
NA0.11 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
7.1.2 In Bone
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
1,010.00 °C1,857.00 °C
27
3410
8.6 Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C2,672.00 °C
147
5660
8.8 Appearance
8.8.1 Physical State
8.8.2 Color
8.8.3 Luster
8.9 Hardness
8.9.1 Mohs Hardness
8.10.1 Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa687.00 MPa
0.14
3490
8.11.2 Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa1,060.00 MPa
121
3430
8.13 Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s5,940.00 m/s
818
16200
9.3 Optical Properties
9.3.1 Refractive Index
9.3.2 Reflectivity
9.5 Allotropes
9.6.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.6.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.6.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10 Chemical
10.1 Chemical Formula
10.2 Isotopes
10.2.1 Known Isotopes
11.2 Electronegativity
11.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
11.2.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
11.2.7 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
11.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
11.3.7 Allen Electronegativity
11.5 Electropositivity
11.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
12.2 Ionization Energies
12.2.1 1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol26,130.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
12.4.2 2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol28,750.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
12.5.1 3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol34,230.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
12.6.1 4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol37,066.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
12.7.2 5th Energy Level
NA97,510.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
12.7.3 6th Energy Level
NA105,800.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
12.8.3 7th Energy level
NA114,300.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
12.8.5 8th Energy Level
NA125,300.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
12.8.7 9th Energy Level
NA134,700.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
12.8.10 10th Energy Level
NA144,300.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
12.9.1 11th Energy Level
NA26,130.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
12.9.3 12th Energy Level
NA28,750.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
12.9.5 13th Energy Level
NA34,230.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
12.9.7 14th Energy Level
NA37,066.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
12.9.9 15th Energy Level
NA97,510.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
12.9.11 16th Energy Level
NA105,800.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
12.9.12 17th Energy Level
NA114,300.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
12.9.14 18th Energy Level
NA125,300.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
12.9.16 19th Energy Level
NA134,700.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
12.9.17 20th Energy Level
NA144,300.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
12.9.19 21st Energy Level
NA157,700.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
12.9.20 22nd Energy Level
NA166,090.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
12.9.22 23rd Energy Level
12.9.24 24th Energy Level
12.9.26 25th Energy Level
12.9.28 26th Energy Level
12.9.29 27th Energy Level
12.9.31 28th Energy Level
12.9.33 29th Energy Level
12.9.35 30th Energy Level
12.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr0.32 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
12.11 Electron Work Function
12.12 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
13.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
13.3.1 Crystal Lattice
13.4 Atom
13.4.1 Number of Protons
13.4.4 Number of Neutrons
13.5.1 Number of Electrons
13.6 Radius of an Atom
13.6.1 Atomic Radius
181.00 pm128.00 pm
112
265
13.7.1 Covalent Radius
201.00 pm139.00 pm
96
260
14.1.1 Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
14.2 Atomic Weight
144.24 amu52.00 amu
6.94
294
14.6 Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol7.23 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
14.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
14.7.1 Previous Element
14.7.2 Next Element
14.8 Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)170.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
14.9 Lattice Constant
365.80 pm291.00 pm
228.58
891.25
14.10 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
14.11 Lattice C/A Ratio
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm37.19 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm36.30 g/cm3
0.512
20
15.2 Tensile Strength
15.4 Viscosity
15.5 Vapor Pressure
15.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
15.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)774.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
15.7 Elasticity properties
15.7.1 Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa115.00 GPa
1.3
222
15.9.1 Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa160.00 GPa
1.6
462
15.10.1 Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa279.00 GPa
1.7
528
15.13 Poisson Ratio
16.2 Other Mechanical Properties
17 Magnetic
17.1 Magnetic Characteristics
17.1.1 Specific Gravity
17.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Antiferromagnetic
17.1.4 Permeability
17.1.5 Susceptibility
17.3 Electrical Properties
17.3.1 Electrical Property
17.3.2 Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m125.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
17.4.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
17.5.2 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol64.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
18 Thermal
18.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.45 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
18.3 Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K23.35 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
18.4 Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K93.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
18.5 Critical Temperature
18.6 Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)4.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
18.8 Enthalpy
18.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol348.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
19.1.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol15.31 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
19.1.6 Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol397.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
19.3 Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K23.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1