1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
1.6 Block
1.7 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.8 CAS Number
74400207440279
7429905
54386242
1.4 Space Group Name
1.5 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.4 History
2.4.1 Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Carl Gustaf Mosander
3.1.2 Discovery
3.2 Abundance
3.2.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-3 %5 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
3.7.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.008 %~0.00000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.11.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.4.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.7.3 Abundance In Oceans
4.8.2 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
-
Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electronic Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
6.1.3 Other Uses
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
6.3.2 In Bone
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
1,453.00 °C1,356.00 °C
27
3410
8.4 Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C3,123.00 °C
147
5660
9.2 Appearance
9.2.1 Physical State
9.2.2 Color
9.2.3 Luster
9.3 Hardness
9.3.1 Mohs Hardness
9.7.2 Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa677.00 MPa
0.14
3490
9.7.4 Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa863.00 MPa
121
3430
9.8 Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s2,620.00 m/s
818
16200
9.10 Optical Properties
9.10.1 Refractive Index
9.11.1 Reflectivity
9.12 Allotropes
9.12.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.13.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.13.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10 Chemical
10.1 Chemical Formula
10.2 Isotopes
10.2.1 Known Isotopes
10.3 Electronegativity
10.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
11.2.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
11.3.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
11.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
11.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
11.4 Electropositivity
11.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
11.5 Ionization Energies
11.5.1 1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol603.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
11.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol1,174.80 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
11.5.4 3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol2,417.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.5.5 4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol4,203.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
11.6.2 5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
11.7.2 6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
11.7.3 7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
11.7.5 8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
11.7.7 9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
11.7.9 10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
11.7.11 11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
11.7.14 12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
11.7.16 13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
11.7.18 14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
11.7.20 15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
11.7.21 16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
11.7.23 17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
11.7.24 18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
11.7.25 19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
11.7.27 20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
11.7.28 21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
11.7.30 22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/molNA
93400
184900
11.7.31 23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/molNA
98420
198800
11.7.32 24th Energy Level
11.7.34 25th Energy Level
11.7.35 26th Energy Level
11.7.37 27th Energy Level
11.7.38 28th Energy Level
11.7.40 29th Energy Level
11.7.42 30th Energy Level
11.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr1.98 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
11.9 Electron Work Function
11.10 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
12.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
12.3.1 Crystal Lattice
12.4 Atom
12.4.1 Number of Protons
12.4.3 Number of Neutrons
12.4.6 Number of Electrons
12.5 Radius of an Atom
12.5.1 Atomic Radius
124.00 pm177.00 pm
112
265
12.5.3 Covalent Radius
124.00 pm194.00 pm
96
260
12.5.6 Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm221.00 pm
139
348
12.6 Atomic Weight
58.69 amu158.93 amu
6.94
294
12.7 Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol19.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
12.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
12.9.1 Previous Element
12.9.2 Next Element
12.10 Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)46.80 (-eV)
8
392.42
12.11 Lattice Constant
352.40 pm360.10 pm
228.58
891.25
12.13 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
12.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm38.23 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.4.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm37.65 g/cm3
0.512
20
14.5 Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa60.00 MPa
2.5
11000
14.6 Viscosity
14.7 Vapor Pressure
14.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
14.7.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)12.50 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
14.9 Elasticity properties
14.9.1 Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa22.10 GPa
1.3
222
14.9.3 Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa38.70 GPa
1.6
462
14.10.1 Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa55.70 GPa
1.7
528
14.11 Poisson Ratio
14.13 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
15 Magnetic
15.1 Magnetic Characteristics
15.1.1 Specific Gravity
15.3.1 Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
15.3.2 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
15.4.1 Susceptibility
600.00NA
-0.000166
200000
15.7 Electrical Properties
15.7.1 Electrical Property
15.7.2 Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m1.15 nΩ·m
0.18
961
16.1.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
16.1.4 Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)0.18 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K28.91 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.5 Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K11.10 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.6 Critical Temperature
17.8 Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)10.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.9 Enthalpy
17.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol330.90 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.9.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol10.80 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.10.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol314.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
18.2 Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K73.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1