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Properties of Mercury and Gallium

Mercury
Gallium
Properties of Gallium & Mercury


Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
29.78 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
2,403.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
56.80 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
2,740.00 m/s   
31
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Ga   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
24   
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.81   
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
2.42   
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.82   
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
2.01   
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
1.76   
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.19   
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
4.20 eV   
23
Other Chemical Properties
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Flammability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
15
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
9.80 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.47   
1
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Ga   
Group Number
12   
6
13   
5
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
31   
99+
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
69.72 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
69.70 (-eV)   
19
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
31   
99+
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
39   
99+
Number of Electrons
80   
36
31   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
Rhombohedral crystal lattice structure comes under trigonal crystal structure. The Rhombohedral crystal structure is a term associated trigonal crystal structure with the rhombohedral lattice.Rhombohedral (RHO)   
?
Orthorhombic lattices occur due to stretching a cubic lattice along two of its orthogonal sides. It gets result in a rectangular prism with a rectangular at base. These 3 bases intersect each other at 90°.Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
135.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
187.00 pm   
32
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
451.97 pm   
18
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Rubidium
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Zinc
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Semiconductor metals have conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.Semiconductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
5.91   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
40.60 W/m·K   
34
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
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