1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.6 Period Number
2.9 Block
2.11 Element Family
2.12 CAS Number
543862427440304
7429905
54386242
2.13 Space Group Name
2.14 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
3.2 Sources
Synthetically Produced
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung
Per Teodor Cleve
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.00000002 %
1E-08
0.1
4.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
4.4.8 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.2.5 Abundance In Oceans
5.2.7 Abundance In Humans
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Roentgenium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
-
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
7.1.1 Industrial Uses
7.1.2 Medical Uses
7.1.3 Other Uses
Research Purposes
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
7.2 Biological Properties
7.2.1 Toxicity
7.2.2 Present in Human Body
7.2.4 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
8.2.2 In Bone
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
9.2 Boiling Point
10.2 Appearance
10.2.1 Physical State
10.2.2 Color
10.2.3 Luster
10.3 Hardness
10.3.1 Mohs Hardness
10.4.1 Brinell Hardness
10.7.2 Vickers Hardness
10.9 Speed of Sound
11.3 Optical Properties
11.3.1 Refractive Index
11.3.2 Reflectivity
11.6 Allotropes
11.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12 Chemical
12.1 Chemical Formula
12.2 Isotopes
12.2.1 Known Isotopes
12.4 Electronegativity
12.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
12.4.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
13.2.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
13.3.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
13.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
13.6 Electropositivity
13.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
13.7 Ionization Energies
13.7.1 1st Energy Level
1,022.70 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
13.7.3 2nd Energy Level
2,074.40 kJ/mol1,160.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
13.7.5 3rd Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol2,285.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
13.8.2 4th Energy Level
4,052.40 kJ/mol4,120.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
13.9.2 5th Energy Level
5,306.70 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
13.9.5 6th Energy Level
13.9.8 7th Energy level
13.9.10 8th Energy Level
13.9.13 9th Energy Level
13.9.16 10th Energy Level
13.9.19 11th Energy Level
13.9.22 12th Energy Level
13.9.25 13th Energy Level
13.9.29 14th Energy Level
13.9.33 15th Energy Level
13.9.38 16th Energy Level
13.9.41 17th Energy Level
13.9.46 18th Energy Level
13.9.49 19th Energy Level
13.9.52 20th Energy Level
13.9.55 21st Energy Level
13.9.58 22nd Energy Level
13.9.60 23rd Energy Level
13.9.63 24th Energy Level
13.9.66 25th Energy Level
13.10.2 26th Energy Level
13.10.4 27th Energy Level
13.11.2 28th Energy Level
13.11.4 29th Energy Level
14.1.2 30th Energy Level
14.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
NA2.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
14.6 Electron Work Function
14.7 Other Chemical Properties
NA
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
15 Atomic
15.1 Atomic Number
15.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
15.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
15.3.1 Crystal Lattice
15.4 Atom
15.4.1 Number of Protons
15.6.2 Number of Neutrons
15.7.2 Number of Electrons
16.3 Radius of an Atom
16.3.1 Atomic Radius
16.6.2 Covalent Radius
16.7.2 Van der Waals Radius
16.10 Atomic Weight
281.00 amu168.93 amu
6.94
294
16.11 Atomic Volume
NA18.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
16.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
16.13.1 Previous Element
16.13.2 Next Element
16.14 Valence Electron Potential
17.2 Lattice Constant
NA353.75 pm
228.58
891.25
17.3 Lattice Angles
17.4 Lattice C/A Ratio
18 Mechanical
18.1 Density
18.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
28.70 g/cm39.32 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
18.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.6 Tensile Strength
18.7 Viscosity
18.9 Vapor Pressure
18.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
18.12.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
18.14 Elasticity properties
18.14.1 Shear Modulus
18.15.1 Bulk Modulus
19.1.2 Young's Modulus
19.3 Poisson Ratio
19.5 Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile, Malleable
20 Magnetic
20.1 Magnetic Characteristics
20.1.1 Specific Gravity
21.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
21.2.3 Permeability
21.3.3 Susceptibility
21.5 Electrical Properties
21.5.1 Electrical Property
21.5.2 Resistivity
21.6.2 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
21.6.5 Electron Affinity
22 Thermal
22.1 Specific Heat
23.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA27.03 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
23.5 Thermal Conductivity
24.3 Critical Temperature
24.5 Thermal Expansion
24.8 Enthalpy
24.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA191.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
24.8.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
24.9.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
24.10 Standard Molar Entropy
NA74.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1