1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
2.2 Block
2.4 Element Family
2.5 CAS Number
74401777440393
7429905
54386242
4.5 Space Group Name
4.6 Space Group Number
6 Facts
6.1 Interesting Facts
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
6.2 Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
6.3 History
6.3.1 Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
6.3.2 Discovery
6.4 Abundance
6.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
6.5.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %~0.000001 %
1E-08
0.1
6.7.2 Abundance In Meteorites
6.9.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
7.1.1 Abundance In Oceans
7.1.3 Abundance In Humans
8 Uses
8.2 Uses & Benefits
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
-
Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
8.2.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
8.2.2 Medical Uses
8.2.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Alloys
8.3 Biological Properties
8.3.1 Toxicity
8.3.2 Present in Human Body
8.3.3 In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-30.07 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
8.5.2 In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.70.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
38.89 °C725.00 °C
27
3410
10.2 Boiling Point
688.00 °C1,140.00 °C
147
5660
10.4 Appearance
10.4.1 Physical State
10.4.3 Color
Grayish White
Silvery Gray
10.4.4 Luster
10.5 Hardness
10.5.1 Mohs Hardness
10.7.1 Brinell Hardness
10.9.2 Vickers Hardness
10.13 Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s1,620.00 m/s
818
16200
10.14 Optical Properties
10.14.1 Refractive Index
10.15.3 Reflectivity
10.16 Allotropes
10.16.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.16.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.16.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
11.4 Electronegativity
11.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
11.4.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
11.5.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
11.5.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
11.6.1 Allen Electronegativity
11.7 Electropositivity
11.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
11.8 Ionization Energies
11.8.1 1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol502.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
11.8.3 2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol965.20 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
11.8.5 3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol3,600.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.8.7 4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
11.8.10 5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
11.8.12 6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
11.8.14 7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
11.8.16 8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
11.8.17 9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
11.8.19 10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
11.8.21 11th Energy Level
11.8.23 12th Energy Level
11.8.24 13th Energy Level
11.8.26 14th Energy Level
11.8.28 15th Energy Level
11.8.30 16th Energy Level
11.9.1 17th Energy Level
11.9.2 18th Energy Level
11.9.3 19th Energy Level
11.10.1 20th Energy Level
11.10.2 21st Energy Level
12.1.1 22nd Energy Level
12.1.2 23rd Energy Level
12.1.3 24th Energy Level
12.2.1 25th Energy Level
12.4.2 26th Energy Level
12.4.3 27th Energy Level
12.4.5 28th Energy Level
12.4.6 29th Energy Level
12.4.8 30th Energy Level
12.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr2.56 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
12.7 Electron Work Function
12.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.2 Electron Configuration
13.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
13.3.1 Crystal Lattice
13.4 Atom
13.4.1 Number of Protons
13.4.3 Number of Neutrons
13.5.1 Number of Electrons
13.6 Radius of an Atom
13.6.1 Atomic Radius
248.00 pm222.00 pm
112
265
13.6.2 Covalent Radius
220.00 pm215.00 pm
96
260
13.7.1 Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm268.00 pm
139
348
13.8 Atomic Weight
85.47 amu137.33 amu
6.94
294
13.11 Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol39.24 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.12 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.12.1 Previous Element
13.12.2 Next Element
13.13 Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)21.30 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.15 Lattice Constant
558.50 pm502.80 pm
228.58
891.25
13.18 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
13.19 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm33.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm33.34 g/cm3
0.512
20
15.2 Tensile Strength
15.3 Viscosity
15.4 Vapor Pressure
15.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
15.6 Elasticity properties
15.6.1 Shear Modulus
15.7.1 Bulk Modulus
15.8.2 Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa13.00 GPa
1.7
528
15.9 Poisson Ratio
15.10 Other Mechanical Properties
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
16.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
16.2.3 Permeability
16.2.4 Susceptibility
16.3 Electrical Properties
16.3.1 Electrical Property
16.3.2 Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m332.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
16.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω0.03 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
1.1.1 Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol13.95 kJ/mol
0
222.8
2 Thermal
2.1 Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)0.20 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
2.4 Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K28.07 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
2.5 Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K18.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
3.2 Critical Temperature
3.4 Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)20.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
3.6 Enthalpy
3.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol140.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
3.6.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol7.66 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
3.6.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol175.70 kJ/mol
61.5
837
3.8 Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K62.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1