1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.9 CAS Number
74403267440122
7429905
54386242
2.2 Space Group Name
2.3 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.5.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.6.3 Abundance In Meteorites
3.7.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.8.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.8.5 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
NA
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.4 In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.6 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,660.00 °C1,042.00 °C
27
3410
5.3 Boiling Point
3,287.00 °C3,000.00 °C
147
5660
6.2 Appearance
6.2.1 Physical State
6.2.2 Color
Silvery Gray-White
Unknown
6.2.3 Luster
6.3 Hardness
6.3.1 Mohs Hardness
6.3.5 Brinell Hardness
6.4.4 Vickers Hardness
6.5 Speed of Sound
6.6 Optical Properties
6.6.1 Refractive Index
6.6.4 Reflectivity
7.2 Allotropes
7.2.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.2.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.2.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.5.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.7.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.9.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.1.1 Allen Electronegativity
9.3 Electropositivity
9.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.7 Ionization Energies
9.7.1 1st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.7.4 2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.7.7 3rd Energy Level
2,652.50 kJ/mol2,150.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.9.1 4th Energy Level
4,174.60 kJ/mol3,970.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.11.1 5th Energy Level
9,581.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
9.12.1 6th Energy Level
11,533.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
9.12.3 7th Energy level
13,590.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
9.13.1 8th Energy Level
16,440.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
9.14.1 9th Energy Level
18,530.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
9.14.2 10th Energy Level
20,833.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
9.16.1 11th Energy Level
25,575.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
9.17.1 12th Energy Level
28,125.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
10.1.2 13th Energy Level
76,015.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
10.1.3 14th Energy Level
83,280.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
10.1.5 15th Energy Level
90,880.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
10.2.1 16th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
10.3.1 17th Energy Level
109,100.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
10.4.2 18th Energy Level
117,800.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
10.4.4 19th Energy Level
129,900.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
10.5.2 20th Energy Level
137,530.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
10.5.3 21st Energy Level
10.5.5 22nd Energy Level
10.5.6 23rd Energy Level
10.5.8 24th Energy Level
10.5.9 25th Energy Level
10.6.1 26th Energy Level
10.6.2 27th Energy Level
11.1.2 28th Energy Level
11.1.5 29th Energy Level
11.1.7 30th Energy Level
11.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr1.80 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
11.4 Electron Work Function
11.5 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
12.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
12.3.1 Crystal Lattice
12.4 Atom
12.4.1 Number of Protons
13.1.1 Number of Neutrons
13.2.1 Number of Electrons
13.4 Radius of an Atom
13.4.1 Atomic Radius
147.00 pm183.00 pm
112
265
13.5.1 Covalent Radius
160.00 pm199.00 pm
96
260
13.6.1 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm236.00 pm
139
348
13.8 Atomic Weight
47.87 amu145.00 amu
6.94
294
13.9 Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol22.39 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.10.1 Previous Element
13.10.2 Next Element
13.11 Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)44.10 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.12 Lattice Constant
295.08 pmNA
228.58
891.25
13.14 Lattice Angles
13.15 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm37.26 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
14.2 Tensile Strength
14.3 Viscosity
14.4 Vapor Pressure
14.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
14.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
14.5 Elasticity properties
14.5.1 Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa18.00 GPa
1.3
222
14.5.2 Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa33.00 GPa
1.6
462
14.5.3 Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa46.00 GPa
1.7
528
14.6 Poisson Ratio
14.7 Other Mechanical Properties
15 Magnetic
15.1 Magnetic Characteristics
15.1.1 Specific Gravity
15.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
15.1.3 Permeability
15.1.4 Susceptibility
15.2 Electrical Properties
15.2.1 Electrical Property
15.2.2 Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m0.75 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
15.2.4 Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)0.18 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
16.3 Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K17.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.4 Critical Temperature
16.5 Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)9.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
16.6 Enthalpy
16.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
16.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol7.50 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
16.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol310.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
16.7 Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1