1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.5 Period Number
2.6 Block
2.7 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
2.8 CAS Number
74406667440439
7429905
54386242
2.9 Space Group Name
2.10 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
3.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-5 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.5 Abundance In Sun
~0.0002 %~0.0000006 %
1E-08
0.1
3.5.2 Abundance In Meteorites
3.6.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.2.5 Abundance In Oceans
4.3.1 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
6.1.3 Other Uses
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
7.1.1 In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.1.80 p.p.m.
0
170000
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
419.58 °C320.90 °C
27
3410
8.4 Boiling Point
907.00 °C765.00 °C
147
5660
8.5 Appearance
8.5.1 Physical State
8.5.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery Bluish-Gray
8.5.3 Luster
8.6 Hardness
8.6.1 Mohs Hardness
8.8.2 Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa203.00 MPa
0.14
3490
9.4.2 Vickers Hardness
9.6 Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s2,310.00 m/s
818
16200
9.7 Optical Properties
9.7.1 Refractive Index
9.9.2 Reflectivity
9.10 Allotropes
9.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10 Chemical
10.1 Chemical Formula
10.2 Isotopes
10.2.1 Known Isotopes
10.3 Electronegativity
10.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
10.3.5 Sanderson Electronegativity
10.3.10 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
10.3.14 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.3.19 Allen Electronegativity
10.4 Electropositivity
10.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
10.5 Ionization Energies
10.5.1 1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol867.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.5.5 2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol1,631.40 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.5.10 3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol3,616.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.5.13 4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
10.5.18 5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
10.5.22 6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
10.5.26 7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
10.6.2 8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
11.1.2 9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
11.4.2 10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
11.4.7 11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
11.5.4 12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
11.5.7 13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
11.7.2 14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
11.10.1 15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
12.1.2 16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
12.1.5 17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
12.3.1 18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
12.5.1 19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
12.6.2 20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
12.6.4 21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
12.7.1 22nd Energy Level
12.7.3 23rd Energy Level
14.1.2 24th Energy Level
14.1.5 25th Energy Level
14.5.3 26th Energy Level
14.5.6 27th Energy Level
14.5.8 28th Energy Level
15.1.1 29th Energy Level
15.2.1 30th Energy Level
15.4 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr2.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
15.8 Electron Work Function
15.11 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
16 Atomic
16.1 Atomic Number
16.3 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
16.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
16.5.1 Crystal Lattice
16.6 Atom
16.6.1 Number of Protons
16.8.1 Number of Neutrons
16.9.1 Number of Electrons
16.12 Radius of an Atom
16.12.1 Atomic Radius
134.00 pm151.00 pm
112
265
17.1.2 Covalent Radius
122.00 pm144.00 pm
96
260
17.1.4 Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm158.00 pm
139
348
17.2 Atomic Weight
65.38 amu112.41 amu
6.94
294
17.4 Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol13.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
17.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
17.7.1 Previous Element
17.7.2 Next Element
17.8 Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)30.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
17.9 Lattice Constant
266.49 pm297.94 pm
228.58
891.25
17.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
17.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
18 Mechanical
18.1 Density
18.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm38.65 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
18.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm38.00 g/cm3
0.512
20
18.2 Tensile Strength
18.3 Viscosity
18.5 Vapor Pressure
18.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.1.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.2 Elasticity properties
19.2.1 Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa19.00 GPa
1.3
222
19.2.3 Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa42.00 GPa
1.6
462
19.3.3 Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa50.00 GPa
1.7
528
19.4 Poisson Ratio
19.5 Other Mechanical Properties
20 Magnetic
20.1 Magnetic Characteristics
20.1.1 Specific Gravity
20.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
20.1.4 Permeability
21.1.1 Susceptibility
21.2 Electrical Properties
21.2.1 Electrical Property
21.2.2 Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m72.70 nΩ·m
0.18
961
21.4.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
21.4.2 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
22 Thermal
22.1 Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
22.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K26.02 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
22.4 Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K96.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
22.5 Critical Temperature
22.6 Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)30.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
22.8 Enthalpy
22.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol100.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
22.8.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol6.19 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
22.8.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol113.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
22.9 Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K51.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1