1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74406667440439
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-5 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0002 %~0.0000006 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.1.80 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
419.58 °C320.90 °C
27
3410
1.2 Boiling Point
907.00 °C765.00 °C
147
5660
1.3 Appearance
1.3.1 Physical State
1.3.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery Bluish-Gray
1.3.3 Luster
1.4 Hardness
1.4.1 Mohs Hardness
1.4.2 Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa203.00 MPa
0.14
3490
1.7.2 Vickers Hardness
1.8 Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s2,310.00 m/s
818
16200
1.9 Optical Properties
1.9.1 Refractive Index
1.9.3 Reflectivity
1.10 Allotropes
1.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2 Chemical
2.1 Chemical Formula
2.2 Isotopes
2.2.1 Known Isotopes
2.4 Electronegativity
2.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
2.4.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
2.5.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
2.5.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.6.1 Allen Electronegativity
2.9 Electropositivity
2.9.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.10 Ionization Energies
2.10.1 1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol867.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
2.11.1 2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol1,631.40 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
2.13.1 3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol3,616.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
2.13.2 4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
2.13.3 5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
2.13.4 6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
2.13.5 7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
2.13.6 8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
2.13.7 9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
2.13.8 10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
2.13.9 11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
2.13.10 12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
2.13.11 13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
2.13.12 14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
2.13.13 15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
2.13.14 16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
2.13.15 17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
2.13.16 18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
2.13.17 19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
2.13.18 20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
2.13.19 21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
2.13.20 22nd Energy Level
2.13.21 23rd Energy Level
2.13.22 24th Energy Level
2.13.23 25th Energy Level
2.13.24 26th Energy Level
2.13.25 27th Energy Level
2.13.26 28th Energy Level
2.13.27 29th Energy Level
2.13.28 30th Energy Level
2.14 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr2.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
2.15 Electron Work Function
2.16 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
3 Atomic
3.1 Atomic Number
3.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
3.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
3.3.1 Crystal Lattice
3.4 Atom
3.4.1 Number of Protons
3.4.2 Number of Neutrons
3.4.3 Number of Electrons
3.5 Radius of an Atom
3.5.1 Atomic Radius
134.00 pm151.00 pm
112
265
3.5.2 Covalent Radius
122.00 pm144.00 pm
96
260
3.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm158.00 pm
139
348
3.6 Atomic Weight
65.38 amu112.41 amu
6.94
294
3.7 Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol13.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
3.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
3.8.1 Previous Element
3.8.2 Next Element
3.9 Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)30.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
3.10 Lattice Constant
266.49 pm297.94 pm
228.58
891.25
3.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
3.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
4 Mechanical
4.1 Density
4.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm38.65 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
4.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm38.00 g/cm3
0.512
20
4.2 Tensile Strength
4.3 Viscosity
4.4 Vapor Pressure
4.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
4.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.5 Elasticity properties
4.5.1 Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa19.00 GPa
1.3
222
4.5.2 Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa42.00 GPa
1.6
462
1.2.5 Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa50.00 GPa
1.7
528
1.3 Poisson Ratio
1.4 Other Mechanical Properties
2 Magnetic
2.1 Magnetic Characteristics
2.1.1 Specific Gravity
2.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
2.1.3 Permeability
2.1.4 Susceptibility
2.2 Electrical Properties
2.2.1 Electrical Property
2.2.2 Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m72.70 nΩ·m
0.18
961
2.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
2.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
3 Thermal
3.1 Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
3.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K26.02 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
3.3 Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K96.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
3.4 Critical Temperature
3.5 Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)30.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
3.6 Enthalpy
3.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol100.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
3.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol6.19 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
3.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol113.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
3.7 Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K51.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1