1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.9 Block
1.10 Element Family
Post-Transition
Lanthanide
1.11 CAS Number
74406997439943
7429905
54386242
1.12 Space Group Name
1.13 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %1 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.9 Abundance In Oceans
4.2.2 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
5.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
5.2.5 In Bone
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
271.30 °C1,652.00 °C
27
3410
7.3 Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C3,402.00 °C
147
5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
7.4.2 Color
7.5.2 Luster
7.6 Hardness
7.6.1 Mohs Hardness
7.7.2 Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa893.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.7.4 Vickers Hardness
7.8 Speed of Sound
7.10 Optical Properties
7.10.1 Refractive Index
7.10.2 Reflectivity
7.12 Allotropes
7.12.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.2.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.3.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.3.6 Allen Electronegativity
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol523.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol1,340.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.6.2 3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol2,022.30 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.7.2 4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol4,370.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.7.4 5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol6,445.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.7.6 6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
9.7.7 7th Energy level
9.7.9 8th Energy Level
9.7.11 9th Energy Level
9.7.13 10th Energy Level
9.7.15 11th Energy Level
9.7.17 12th Energy Level
9.7.19 13th Energy Level
9.7.21 14th Energy Level
9.7.22 15th Energy Level
9.7.24 16th Energy Level
9.7.26 17th Energy Level
9.7.27 18th Energy Level
9.7.29 19th Energy Level
9.7.31 20th Energy Level
9.7.32 21st Energy Level
9.7.34 22nd Energy Level
9.7.36 23rd Energy Level
9.7.38 24th Energy Level
9.7.40 25th Energy Level
9.7.41 26th Energy Level
9.7.43 27th Energy Level
9.7.44 28th Energy Level
9.7.46 29th Energy Level
9.7.48 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr2.18 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
10.3 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.3 Number of Neutrons
10.4.6 Number of Electrons
10.6 Radius of an Atom
10.6.1 Atomic Radius
156.00 pm174.00 pm
112
265
10.7.1 Covalent Radius
148.00 pm187.00 pm
96
260
10.7.2 Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm221.00 pm
139
348
11.2 Atomic Weight
208.98 amu174.97 amu
6.94
294
11.6 Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol17.78 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.7.1 Previous Element
11.7.2 Next Element
11.8 Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)50.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.9 Lattice Constant
667.40 pm350.31 pm
228.58
891.25
11.10 Lattice Angles
11.11 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm39.84 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm39.30 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.3 Tensile Strength
12.4 Viscosity
12.6 Vapor Pressure
12.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.6.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.8 Elasticity properties
12.8.1 Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa27.20 GPa
1.3
222
12.10.1 Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa47.60 GPa
1.6
462
12.11.1 Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa68.60 GPa
1.7
528
13.2 Poisson Ratio
13.4 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.3.2 Magnetic Ordering
14.3.3 Permeability
0.00 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
14.3.5 Susceptibility
14.5 Electrical Properties
14.5.1 Electrical Property
14.5.2 Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m582.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.5.5 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.6.1 Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.15 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.3 Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K26.86 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.4 Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K16.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.2 Critical Temperature
17.4 Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)9.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.6 Enthalpy
17.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol355.90 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.7.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol18.70 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.8.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol398.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.9 Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K51.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1