1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74407027440224
7429905
54386242
2.3 Space Group Name
2.4 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
3.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-3 %6 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
4.1.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.007 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
4.2.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.4.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.4.6 Abundance In Oceans
4.4.9 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
60.50 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.5 In Bone
170,000.00 p.p.m.0.44 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
839.00 °C961.93 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
1,484.00 °C2,212.00 °C
147
5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
7.4.2 Color
7.4.3 Luster
7.5 Hardness
7.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.5.6 Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa251.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.6.2 Vickers Hardness
7.10 Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s2,680.00 m/s
818
16200
8.2 Optical Properties
8.2.1 Refractive Index
8.2.4 Reflectivity
8.6 Allotropes
8.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.3.5 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.3.8 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.4.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.4.6 Allen Electronegativity
9.5 Electropositivity
9.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.7 Ionization Energies
9.7.1 1st Energy Level
589.80 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.8.1 2nd Energy Level
1,145.40 kJ/mol2,070.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.8.4 3rd Energy Level
4,912.40 kJ/mol3,361.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.10.3 4th Energy Level
6,491.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
9.11.3 5th Energy Level
8,153.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
9.14.1 6th Energy Level
10,496.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
10.2.0 7th Energy level
12,270.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
11.4.2 8th Energy Level
14,206.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
11.4.4 9th Energy Level
18,191.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
11.5.2 10th Energy Level
20,385.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
11.7.2 11th Energy Level
57,110.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
11.9.1 12th Energy Level
63,410.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
11.10.1 13th Energy Level
70,110.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
11.14.1 14th Energy Level
78,890.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
12.1.2 15th Energy Level
86,310.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
12.1.5 16th Energy Level
94,000.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
12.3.1 17th Energy Level
104,900.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
12.5.2 18th Energy Level
111,711.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
13.1.2 19th Energy Level
13.1.6 20th Energy Level
13.2.1 21st Energy Level
14.1.2 22nd Energy Level
14.2.4 23rd Energy Level
14.3.3 24th Energy Level
14.3.6 25th Energy Level
14.3.7 26th Energy Level
14.3.10 27th Energy Level
15.1.1 28th Energy Level
16.1.1 29th Energy Level
16.2.1 30th Energy Level
16.4 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.75 g/amp-hr4.02 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
16.7 Electron Work Function
16.9 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
17 Atomic
17.1 Atomic Number
17.4 Electron Configuration
17.5 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
17.5.1 Crystal Lattice
17.6 Atom
17.6.1 Number of Protons
17.8.2 Number of Neutrons
17.8.4 Number of Electrons
17.9 Radius of an Atom
17.9.1 Atomic Radius
197.00 pm144.00 pm
112
265
17.10.1 Covalent Radius
176.00 pm145.00 pm
96
260
17.11.1 Van der Waals Radius
231.00 pm172.00 pm
139
348
17.12 Atomic Weight
40.08 amu107.87 amu
6.94
294
17.13 Atomic Volume
29.90 cm3/mol10.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
17.14 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
17.14.1 Previous Element
17.14.2 Next Element
17.15 Valence Electron Potential
29.00 (-eV)11.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
17.16 Lattice Constant
558.84 pm408.53 pm
228.58
891.25
17.17 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
17.18 Lattice C/A Ratio
18 Mechanical
18.1 Density
18.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.55 g/cm310.49 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
18.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm39.32 g/cm3
0.512
20
18.2 Tensile Strength
18.3 Viscosity
18.4 Vapor Pressure
18.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.50 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
18.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
18.5 Elasticity properties
18.5.1 Shear Modulus
7.40 GPa30.00 GPa
1.3
222
18.5.2 Bulk Modulus
17.00 GPa100.00 GPa
1.6
462
18.5.3 Young's Modulus
20.00 GPa83.00 GPa
1.7
528
18.6 Poisson Ratio
18.7 Other Mechanical Properties
19 Magnetic
19.1 Magnetic Characteristics
19.1.1 Specific Gravity
19.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
19.1.3 Permeability
19.1.4 Susceptibility
19.2 Electrical Properties
19.2.1 Electrical Property
19.2.2 Resistivity
33.60 nΩ·m15.87 nΩ·m
0.18
961
19.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.30 106/cm Ω0.63 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
19.2.4 Electron Affinity
2.37 kJ/mol125.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
20 Thermal
20.1 Specific Heat
0.63 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
20.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.93 J/mol·K25.35 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
20.3 Thermal Conductivity
201.00 W/m·K429.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
20.4 Critical Temperature
20.5 Thermal Expansion
22.30 µm/(m·K)18.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
20.6 Enthalpy
20.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol255.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
20.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
8.54 kJ/mol11.30 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
20.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
184.00 kJ/mol284.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
20.7 Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K42.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1