1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.6 Block
1.7 Element Family
1.8 CAS Number
74404627439921
7429905
54386242
1.12 Space Group Name
1.13 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Unknown
2.4.2 Discovery
In 1860
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
2.5 Abundance
2.5.1 Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
2.6.5 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %~0.000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.6.15 Abundance In Meteorites
2.6.23 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.6.36 Abundance In Oceans
2.7.5 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
-
In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
4.1.2 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.4 Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
4.1.5 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.21 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.15 In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.30.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
28.50 °C327.50 °C
27
3410
5.3 Boiling Point
678.40 °C1,740.00 °C
147
5660
5.4 Appearance
5.4.1 Physical State
5.4.2 Color
5.4.4 Luster
5.5 Hardness
5.5.1 Mohs Hardness
5.6.6 Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa38.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.7.5 Vickers Hardness
6.3 Speed of Sound
8.2 Optical Properties
8.2.1 Refractive Index
8.6.3 Reflectivity
8.10 Allotropes
8.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.6 Electronegativity
9.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.7.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.11.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
10.1.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
11.2.4 Allen Electronegativity
11.7 Electropositivity
11.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
11.12 Ionization Energies
11.12.1 1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol715.60 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
11.13.3 2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol1,450.50 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
11.14.4 3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol3,081.50 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.19.2 4th Energy Level
NA4,083.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
12.1.2 5th Energy Level
NA6,640.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
13.1.2 6th Energy Level
14.3.1 7th Energy level
14.6.2 8th Energy Level
14.8.2 9th Energy Level
14.8.4 10th Energy Level
15.4.1 11th Energy Level
15.6.3 12th Energy Level
16.1.2 13th Energy Level
16.2.1 14th Energy Level
16.7.1 15th Energy Level
1.3.2 16th Energy Level
1.6.2 17th Energy Level
1.11.1 18th Energy Level
2.4.1 19th Energy Level
3.3.2 20th Energy Level
4.1.6 21st Energy Level
4.2.2 22nd Energy Level
5.4.3 23rd Energy Level
5.9.2 24th Energy Level
5.10.2 25th Energy Level
6.1.2 26th Energy Level
6.2.2 27th Energy Level
6.5.2 28th Energy Level
7.1.3 29th Energy Level
7.4.1 30th Energy Level
7.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr3.87 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.3 Electron Work Function
10.2 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
14.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
14.4 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
14.4.2 Crystal Lattice
14.5 Atom
14.5.1 Number of Protons
14.10.1 Number of Neutrons
14.15.2 Number of Electrons
14.18 Radius of an Atom
14.18.1 Atomic Radius
265.00 pm175.00 pm
112
265
14.21.2 Covalent Radius
244.00 pm146.00 pm
96
260
15.1.2 Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm202.00 pm
139
348
16.2 Atomic Weight
132.91 amu207.20 amu
6.94
294
16.6 Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol18.17 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
16.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
16.8.1 Previous Element
16.8.2 Next Element
16.9 Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)24.20 (-eV)
8
392.42
16.13 Lattice Constant
614.10 pm495.08 pm
228.58
891.25
17.4 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
17.5 Lattice C/A Ratio
19 Mechanical
19.1 Density
19.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm311.34 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
19.3.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm310.66 g/cm3
0.512
20
19.4 Tensile Strength
19.6 Viscosity
19.8 Vapor Pressure
19.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.8.5 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.10 Elasticity properties
19.10.1 Shear Modulus
20.1.1 Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa46.00 GPa
1.6
462
20.3.1 Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa16.00 GPa
1.7
528
20.5 Poisson Ratio
20.6 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
21 Magnetic
21.1 Magnetic Characteristics
21.1.1 Specific Gravity
21.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
21.1.3 Permeability
21.1.5 Susceptibility
21.2 Electrical Properties
21.2.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Poor Conductor
21.2.2 Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m208.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
21.2.5 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
21.3.2 Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol35.10 kJ/mol
0
222.8
2 Thermal
2.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
2.2 Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K26.65 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
2.4 Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K35.30 W/m·K
6.3
429
2.9 Critical Temperature
2.13 Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)28.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
2.14 Enthalpy
2.14.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol179.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
2.14.5 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol4.77 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
2.14.8 Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol194.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
2.15 Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K64.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1