1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74405757440622
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Unknown
Andrés Manuel del Río
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %1 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.00004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Meteorites
1.2.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.3.1 Abundance In Oceans
1.3.3 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
-
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
2.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
2.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
2.5.1 In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
3 Physical
3.1 Melting Point
1,064.43 °C1,890.00 °C
27
3410
4.5 Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C3,380.00 °C
147
5660
5.2 Appearance
5.2.1 Physical State
5.2.2 Color
5.2.3 Luster
5.3 Hardness
5.3.1 Mohs Hardness
5.6.3 Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa600.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.6.6 Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa628.00 MPa
121
3430
5.7 Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s4,560.00 m/s
818
16200
5.8 Optical Properties
5.8.1 Refractive Index
5.8.3 Reflectivity
5.10 Allotropes
5.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.1.1 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.1.2 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.4 Electronegativity
7.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.4.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.2.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.2.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.4.1 Allen Electronegativity
8.7 Electropositivity
8.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.10 Ionization Energies
8.10.1 1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol650.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.11.1 2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol1,414.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.11.3 3rd Energy Level
NA2,830.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.13.1 4th Energy Level
NA4,507.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.1.2 5th Energy Level
NA6,298.70 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.2.2 6th Energy Level
NA12,363.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
9.2.5 7th Energy level
NA14,530.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
10.2.2 8th Energy Level
NA16,730.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
10.2.3 9th Energy Level
NA19,860.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
10.4.2 10th Energy Level
NA22,240.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
10.5.3 11th Energy Level
NA24,670.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
10.5.5 12th Energy Level
NA29,730.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
10.6.2 13th Energy Level
NA32,446.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
10.6.4 14th Energy Level
NA86,450.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
10.6.6 15th Energy Level
NA94,170.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
10.6.8 16th Energy Level
NA102,300.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
10.6.10 17th Energy Level
NA112,700.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
10.7.2 18th Energy Level
NA121,600.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
10.9.2 19th Energy Level
NA130,700.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
10.9.4 20th Energy Level
NA143,400.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
11.1.2 21st Energy Level
NA151,440.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
11.1.6 22nd Energy Level
11.1.7 23rd Energy Level
11.1.10 24th Energy Level
11.1.11 25th Energy Level
11.2.3 26th Energy Level
11.2.5 27th Energy Level
11.2.7 28th Energy Level
11.2.9 29th Energy Level
11.2.12 30th Energy Level
11.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr0.38 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
12.2 Electron Work Function
12.4 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
13.4 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
13.4.1 Crystal Lattice
13.5 Atom
13.5.1 Number of Protons
13.5.2 Number of Neutrons
13.6.1 Number of Electrons
13.8 Radius of an Atom
13.8.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm134.00 pm
112
265
13.9.2 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm153.00 pm
96
260
13.9.4 Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
13.10 Atomic Weight
196.97 amu50.94 amu
6.94
294
13.11 Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol8.78 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.13.1 Previous Element
13.13.2 Next Element
13.14 Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)120.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.15 Lattice Constant
407.82 pm303.00 pm
228.58
891.25
13.16 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
13.17 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm36.00 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.1.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm35.50 g/cm3
0.512
20
14.2 Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa800.00 MPa
2.5
11000
14.3 Viscosity
14.4 Vapor Pressure
14.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
14.4.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)0.23 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
14.5 Elasticity properties
14.5.1 Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa47.00 GPa
1.3
222
14.6.1 Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa160.00 GPa
1.6
462
14.7.1 Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa128.00 GPa
1.7
528
15.2 Poisson Ratio
15.3 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
16.4.2 Magnetic Ordering
16.4.3 Permeability
16.4.4 Susceptibility
16.5 Electrical Properties
16.5.1 Electrical Property
16.5.2 Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m197.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
16.5.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
16.5.5 Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol50.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.49 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K24.89 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.3 Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K30.70 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.5 Critical Temperature
17.7 Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)8.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.8 Enthalpy
17.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol458.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.10.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol17.57 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.11.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol514.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.14 Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K28.90 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1