1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.3 Block
1.4 Element Family
1.5 CAS Number
74406007440462
7429905
54386242
1.12 Space Group Name
1.13 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
- Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
Not Available
3.3 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.4 History
3.5.1 Who Discovered
Marc Delafontaine
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
3.5.2 Discovery
3.7 Abundance
3.7.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %8 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
3.8.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000008 %
1E-08
0.1
3.10.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.4.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.4.6 Abundance In Oceans
4.4.9 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.2 Uses & Benefits
- Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
-
Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
-
In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
6.2.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
6.2.3 Medical Uses
6.2.4 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys
6.3 Biological Properties
6.3.1 Toxicity
6.3.2 Present in Human Body
6.3.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
6.3.6 In Bone
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
1,461.00 °C28.50 °C
27
3410
8.2 Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C678.40 °C
147
5660
9.3 Appearance
9.3.1 Physical State
9.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gold
9.3.3 Luster
9.4 Hardness
9.4.1 Mohs Hardness
9.6.3 Brinell Hardness
746.00 MPa0.14 MPa
0.14
3490
10.1.2 Vickers Hardness
10.3 Speed of Sound
10.5 Optical Properties
10.5.1 Refractive Index
10.5.2 Reflectivity
10.8 Allotropes
10.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
11.5 Electronegativity
11.5.2 Pauling Electronegativity
12.2.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
12.3.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
12.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
12.3.6 Allen Electronegativity
12.5 Electropositivity
12.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
12.7 Ionization Energies
12.7.1 1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
12.7.3 2nd Energy Level
1,140.00 kJ/mol2,234.30 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
13.3.2 3rd Energy Level
2,204.00 kJ/mol3,400.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
13.4.2 4th Energy Level
4,100.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
13.5.3 5th Energy Level
13.5.6 6th Energy Level
13.5.8 7th Energy level
13.5.11 8th Energy Level
13.5.14 9th Energy Level
13.5.16 10th Energy Level
13.5.19 11th Energy Level
13.7.2 12th Energy Level
13.7.5 13th Energy Level
13.7.8 14th Energy Level
13.7.11 15th Energy Level
13.7.13 16th Energy Level
13.7.16 17th Energy Level
13.7.18 18th Energy Level
13.7.21 19th Energy Level
13.7.24 20th Energy Level
13.7.26 21st Energy Level
13.7.28 22nd Energy Level
13.7.31 23rd Energy Level
13.7.32 24th Energy Level
13.7.35 25th Energy Level
13.7.37 26th Energy Level
13.7.40 27th Energy Level
13.7.42 28th Energy Level
13.7.45 29th Energy Level
1.2.1 30th Energy Level
1.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr4.96 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
1.5 Electron Work Function
1.9 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
2 Atomic
2.1 Atomic Number
2.5 Electron Configuration
2.6 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
2.6.1 Crystal Lattice
2.7 Atom
2.7.1 Number of Protons
3.4.2 Number of Neutrons
4.1.4 Number of Electrons
4.5 Radius of an Atom
4.5.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm265.00 pm
112
265
4.5.4 Covalent Radius
192.00 pm244.00 pm
96
260
4.5.7 Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm343.00 pm
139
348
4.6 Atomic Weight
164.93 amu132.91 amu
6.94
294
4.8 Atomic Volume
18.70 cm3/mol71.07 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
5.3 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
5.3.1 Previous Element
5.3.2 Next Element
5.4 Valence Electron Potential
47.90 (-eV)8.62 (-eV)
8
392.42
5.6 Lattice Constant
357.73 pm614.10 pm
228.58
891.25
6.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
8 Mechanical
8.1 Density
8.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.79 g/cm31.93 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
8.4.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.34 g/cm31.84 g/cm3
0.512
20
8.11 Tensile Strength
8.14 Viscosity
8.15 Vapor Pressure
8.15.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
9.1.4 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
9.3 Elasticity properties
9.3.1 Shear Modulus
9.4.2 Bulk Modulus
40.20 GPa1.60 GPa
1.6
462
9.5.2 Young's Modulus
64.80 GPa1.70 GPa
1.7
528
9.8 Poisson Ratio
10.5 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
Ductile
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.3.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
11.3.3 Permeability
11.5.2 Susceptibility
11.7 Electrical Properties
11.7.1 Electrical Property
11.7.2 Resistivity
814.00 nΩ·m205.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
11.10.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.1.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol45.50 kJ/mol
0
222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.5 Molar Heat Capacity
27.15 J/mol·K32.21 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.3 Thermal Conductivity
16.20 W/m·K35.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.4 Critical Temperature
14.7 Thermal Expansion
11.20 µm/(m·K)97.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
14.8 Enthalpy
14.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
241.00 kJ/mol65.90 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
14.8.5 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.76 kJ/mol2.10 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
14.8.8 Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol78.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
16.1 Standard Molar Entropy
75.30 J/mol.K85.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1