1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.6 Block
1.7 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.8 CAS Number
74399107439896
7429905
54386242
1.9 Space Group Name
1.10 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
- If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Unknown
3.1.1 Discovery
3.2 Abundance
3.2.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %1.1 * 10-1 %
5E-09
0.11
3.2.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %~0.1 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.2 Abundance In Meteorites
1.3.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.5.1 Abundance In Oceans
1.5.4 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
- The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
2.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
2.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
NA447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
2.4.2 In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.380.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
920.00 °C1,535.00 °C
27
3410
5.7 Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C2,750.00 °C
147
5660
5.9 Appearance
5.9.1 Physical State
5.9.2 Color
5.9.3 Luster
5.10 Hardness
5.10.1 Mohs Hardness
5.11.3 Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa200.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.12.3 Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa608.00 MPa
121
3430
5.13 Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s5,120.00 m/s
818
16200
5.15 Optical Properties
5.15.1 Refractive Index
5.15.2 Reflectivity
6.4 Allotropes
6.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
6.4.2 β Allotropes
6.4.3 γ Allotropes
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.5 Electronegativity
7.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.2.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.1.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.1.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.3.3 Allen Electronegativity
9.5 Electropositivity
9.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.7 Ionization Energies
9.7.1 1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.8.2 2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol1,561.90 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.9.1 3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol2,957.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.10.2 4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol5,290.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.11.2 5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol7,240.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.11.5 6th Energy Level
NA9,560.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
10.3.1 7th Energy level
NA12,060.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
11.0.1 8th Energy Level
NA14,580.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
11.2.2 9th Energy Level
NA22,540.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
11.2.6 10th Energy Level
NA25,290.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
11.3.3 11th Energy Level
NA28,000.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
11.3.6 12th Energy Level
NA31,920.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
11.3.8 13th Energy Level
NA34,830.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
11.3.11 14th Energy Level
NA37,840.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
12.1.1 15th Energy Level
NA44,100.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
12.2.2 16th Energy Level
NA47,206.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
12.3.1 17th Energy Level
NA122,200.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
12.3.3 18th Energy Level
NA131,000.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
12.4.2 19th Energy Level
NA140,500.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
12.4.3 20th Energy Level
NA152,600.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
12.4.5 21st Energy Level
NA163,000.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
12.5.1 22nd Energy Level
NA173,600.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
12.5.3 23rd Energy Level
NA188,100.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
12.6.1 24th Energy Level
NA195,200.00 kJ/mol
104400
195200
12.6.3 25th Energy Level
12.7.2 26th Energy Level
12.7.4 27th Energy Level
12.7.6 28th Energy Level
12.7.8 29th Energy Level
12.7.11 30th Energy Level
12.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr0.69 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
12.10 Electron Work Function
12.11 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
13.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
13.3.1 Crystal Lattice
13.4 Atom
13.4.1 Number of Protons
13.4.3 Number of Neutrons
13.4.5 Number of Electrons
13.5 Radius of an Atom
13.5.1 Atomic Radius
187.00 pm126.00 pm
112
265
13.5.3 Covalent Radius
207.00 pm132.00 pm
96
260
13.5.4 Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
13.6 Atomic Weight
138.91 amu55.85 amu
6.94
294
13.7 Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol7.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.8.1 Previous Element
13.8.2 Next Element
13.9 Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)67.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.10 Lattice Constant
377.20 pm286.65 pm
228.58
891.25
13.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
13.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm37.87 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm36.98 g/cm3
0.512
20
14.2 Tensile Strength
NA11,000.00 MPa
2.5
11000
14.3 Viscosity
14.4 Vapor Pressure
14.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
14.4.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)36.80 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
14.5 Elasticity properties
14.5.1 Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa82.00 GPa
1.3
222
14.5.3 Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa170.00 GPa
1.6
462
14.5.5 Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa211.00 GPa
1.7
528
14.7 Poisson Ratio
14.8 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
15 Magnetic
15.1 Magnetic Characteristics
15.1.1 Specific Gravity
15.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
15.1.3 Permeability
NA6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
15.1.4 Susceptibility
NA2,00,000.00
-0.000166
200000
15.3 Electrical Properties
15.3.1 Electrical Property
15.3.2 Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m96.10 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.3.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.10 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
16.1.1 Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol15.70 kJ/mol
0
222.8
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.44 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K25.10 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.6 Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K80.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.7 Critical Temperature
17.8 Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)11.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.9 Enthalpy
17.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol351.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.9.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol14.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.9.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol414.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.10 Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1