1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74399327440315
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Unknown
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %4 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %~0.0000009 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.8 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.2.3 Abundance In Oceans
1.3.1 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
-
Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
2.1.2 Medical Uses
2.1.3 Other Uses
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.38 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
2.5.2 In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.1.40 p.p.m.
0
170000
3 Physical
3.1 Melting Point
180.54 °C231.90 °C
27
3410
3.4 Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C2,270.00 °C
147
5660
4.5 Appearance
4.5.1 Physical State
4.5.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
4.5.3 Luster
4.6 Hardness
4.6.1 Mohs Hardness
4.6.6 Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa50.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.8.1 Vickers Hardness
5.2 Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s2,730.00 m/s
818
16200
6.6 Optical Properties
6.6.1 Refractive Index
7.1.1 Reflectivity
7.2 Allotropes
7.2.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
7.2.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
White Tin (Beta Tin)
7.2.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
8 Chemical
8.2 Chemical Formula
8.3 Isotopes
8.3.1 Known Isotopes
8.7 Electronegativity
8.7.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.8.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.10.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.14.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.1.2 Allen Electronegativity
10.3 Electropositivity
10.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
10.7 Ionization Energies
10.7.1 1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol708.60 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.7.4 2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol1,411.80 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.8.2 3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol2,943.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.10.2 4th Energy Level
NA3,930.30 kJ/mol
2780
37066
10.10.6 5th Energy Level
NA7,456.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
10.11.1 6th Energy Level
11.1.5 7th Energy level
11.1.8 8th Energy Level
11.2.5 9th Energy Level
11.2.9 10th Energy Level
12.1.2 11th Energy Level
12.3.1 12th Energy Level
12.5.1 13th Energy Level
12.6.2 14th Energy Level
12.6.7 15th Energy Level
12.6.11 16th Energy Level
12.7.2 17th Energy Level
12.7.6 18th Energy Level
12.7.9 19th Energy Level
12.7.12 20th Energy Level
12.8.1 21st Energy Level
12.8.2 22nd Energy Level
12.9.1 23rd Energy Level
13.1.1 24th Energy Level
13.1.2 25th Energy Level
13.4.2 26th Energy Level
13.4.4 27th Energy Level
13.4.5 28th Energy Level
13.4.7 29th Energy Level
13.5.2 30th Energy Level
13.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr1.11 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
13.8 Electron Work Function
13.10 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Solubility
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
14.5 Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
14.6 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Tetragonal (TETR)
14.6.1 Crystal Lattice
14.7 Atom
14.7.1 Number of Protons
15.1.2 Number of Neutrons
15.2.1 Number of Electrons
15.5 Radius of an Atom
15.5.1 Atomic Radius
152.00 pm140.00 pm
112
265
15.6.2 Covalent Radius
128.00 pm139.00 pm
96
260
15.6.4 Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm217.00 pm
139
348
15.7 Atomic Weight
6.94 amu118.71 amu
6.94
294
16.2 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol16.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
16.4 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
16.4.1 Previous Element
16.4.2 Next Element
16.5 Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)83.50 (-eV)
8
392.42
16.6 Lattice Constant
351.00 pm583.18 pm
228.58
891.25
16.7 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
16.8 Lattice C/A Ratio
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm37.37 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
18.1.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm36.99 g/cm3
0.512
20
18.3 Tensile Strength
18.5 Viscosity
18.6 Vapor Pressure
18.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
18.6.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
18.8 Elasticity properties
18.8.1 Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa18.00 GPa
1.3
222
18.9.1 Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa58.00 GPa
1.6
462
18.9.2 Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa50.00 GPa
1.7
528
18.11 Poisson Ratio
18.12 Other Mechanical Properties
19 Magnetic
19.1 Magnetic Characteristics
19.1.1 Specific Gravity
19.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
19.1.3 Permeability
19.1.5 Susceptibility
19.2 Electrical Properties
19.2.1 Electrical Property
19.2.2 Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m115.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
19.3.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω0.09 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
19.3.2 Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol107.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
20 Thermal
20.1 Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
20.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K27.11 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
20.3 Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K66.80 W/m·K
6.3
429
20.4 Critical Temperature
20.5 Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)22.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
20.6 Enthalpy
20.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol290.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
20.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol7.03 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
20.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol301.30 kJ/mol
61.5
837
20.7 Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K51.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1