1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Lanthanide
1.7 CAS Number
74399547440199
7429905
54386242
1.11 Space Group Name
1.12 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
2.2 Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %5 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.7 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.8 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
-
It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.NA
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
650.00 °C1,072.00 °C
27
3410
6.3 Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C1,900.00 °C
147
5660
6.4 Appearance
6.4.1 Physical State
6.4.2 Color
6.4.3 Luster
6.5 Hardness
6.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.1.1 Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa441.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.2.1 Vickers Hardness
7.3 Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s2,130.00 m/s
818
16200
7.6 Optical Properties
7.6.1 Refractive Index
7.6.3 Reflectivity
7.7 Allotropes
7.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.5.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.5.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.2.2 Allen Electronegativity
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol544.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol1,070.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.5 3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol2,260.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.5.7 4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol3,990.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.5.8 5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
9.5.10 6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
9.5.11 7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
9.6.2 8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
9.7.2 9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
9.7.4 10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
9.7.6 11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
9.7.7 12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
9.7.9 13th Energy Level
9.7.11 14th Energy Level
9.7.13 15th Energy Level
9.7.15 16th Energy Level
9.7.17 17th Energy Level
9.7.18 18th Energy Level
9.7.20 19th Energy Level
9.7.22 20th Energy Level
9.7.24 21st Energy Level
9.7.25 22nd Energy Level
9.7.27 23rd Energy Level
9.7.28 24th Energy Level
9.7.30 25th Energy Level
9.7.31 26th Energy Level
9.7.33 27th Energy Level
9.7.34 28th Energy Level
9.7.36 29th Energy Level
9.7.38 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr1.87 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.4 Number of Neutrons
10.4.6 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
160.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
10.5.3 Covalent Radius
141.00 pm198.00 pm
96
260
10.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm229.00 pm
139
348
10.6 Atomic Weight
24.31 amu150.36 amu
6.94
294
10.7 Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol19.95 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.9.1 Previous Element
10.9.2 Next Element
10.10 Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)44.80 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.12 Lattice Constant
320.94 pm362.10 pm
228.58
891.25
11.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
11.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm37.52 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.4.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm37.16 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.5 Tensile Strength
12.6 Viscosity
12.7 Vapor Pressure
12.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.8.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.9 Elasticity properties
12.9.1 Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa19.50 GPa
1.3
222
12.9.3 Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa37.80 GPa
1.6
462
12.10.1 Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa49.70 GPa
1.7
528
12.12 Poisson Ratio
12.13 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.3.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.3.2 Permeability
13.4.1 Susceptibility
13.5 Electrical Properties
13.5.1 Electrical Property
13.5.2 Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m0.94 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.1.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.1.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)0.20 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
15.3 Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K29.54 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
15.6 Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K13.30 W/m·K
6.3
429
15.7 Critical Temperature
15.9 Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)12.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
15.10 Enthalpy
15.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol166.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
15.10.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol8.62 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
15.10.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol209.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
15.12 Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K69.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1