1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
1.6 CAS Number
744008654085164
7429905
54386242
4.2 Space Group Name
4.3 Space Group Number
6 Facts
6.1 Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Not Available
7.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
NA
7.4 History
7.4.1 Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
7.4.2 Discovery
7.5 Abundance
7.5.1 Abundance In Universe
1.14.3 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
1.16.4 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.5.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.6.5 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
- Currently known uses of Flerovium metal are limited to research purpose only.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.3.2 Present in Human Body
3.3.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
10.10.3 In Bone
11 Physical
11.2 Melting Point
254.00 °C67.00 °C
27
3410
11.7 Boiling Point
962.00 °C147.00 °C
147
5660
11.10 Appearance
11.10.1 Physical State
11.10.2 Color
11.10.3 Luster
11.11 Hardness
11.11.1 Mohs Hardness
1.4.1 Brinell Hardness
2.4.2 Vickers Hardness
2.9 Speed of Sound
4.2 Optical Properties
4.2.1 Refractive Index
4.3.4 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
4.7.2 β Allotropes
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.1.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.3.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.4.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.1.1 Allen Electronegativity
9.5 Electropositivity
9.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
10.2 Ionization Energies
10.2.1 1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol823.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
11.5.1 2nd Energy Level
NA1,601.60 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
11.10.2 3rd Energy Level
NA3,367.30 kJ/mol
1600
34230
12.2.3 4th Energy Level
NA4,399.70 kJ/mol
2780
37066
12.5.1 5th Energy Level
NA5,847.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
12.7.2 6th Energy Level
12.8.2 7th Energy level
12.10.1 8th Energy Level
12.13.2 9th Energy Level
13.4.1 10th Energy Level
13.4.4 11th Energy Level
13.7.1 12th Energy Level
14.1.2 13th Energy Level
14.1.6 14th Energy Level
14.2.1 15th Energy Level
14.4.1 16th Energy Level
15.1.2 17th Energy Level
15.2.5 18th Energy Level
15.3.3 19th Energy Level
15.4.5 20th Energy Level
15.4.6 21st Energy Level
15.4.10 22nd Energy Level
15.4.12 23rd Energy Level
15.4.14 24th Energy Level
15.5.2 25th Energy Level
16.1.1 26th Energy Level
17.1.2 27th Energy Level
17.2.1 28th Energy Level
17.2.5 29th Energy Level
17.3.1 30th Energy Level
17.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hrNA
0.16812
8.3209
17.8 Electron Work Function
17.9 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
18 Atomic
18.1 Atomic Number
18.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2
18.3 Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Not Known
18.3.1 Crystal Lattice
18.4 Atom
18.4.1 Number of Protons
18.5.3 Number of Neutrons
18.5.5 Number of Electrons
19.2 Radius of an Atom
19.2.1 Atomic Radius
168.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
19.3.1 Covalent Radius
140.00 pm171.00 pm
96
260
19.3.3 Van der Waals Radius
19.5 Atomic Weight
209.00 amu289.00 amu
6.94
294
19.6 Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
19.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
19.8.1 Previous Element
19.8.2 Next Element
19.9 Valence Electron Potential
19.10 Lattice Constant
335.90 pmNA
228.58
891.25
19.12 Lattice Angles
19.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
20 Mechanical
20.1 Density
20.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm314.00 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
20.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.3 Tensile Strength
20.4 Viscosity
20.5 Vapor Pressure
20.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
20.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
20.6 Elasticity properties
20.6.1 Shear Modulus
20.6.3 Bulk Modulus
20.6.5 Young's Modulus
20.8 Poisson Ratio
20.9 Other Mechanical Properties
21 Magnetic
21.1 Magnetic Characteristics
21.1.1 Specific Gravity
21.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
21.1.4 Permeability
21.1.6 Susceptibility
21.2 Electrical Properties
21.2.1 Electrical Property
21.2.2 Resistivity
21.2.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
21.2.6 Electron Affinity
22 Thermal
22.1 Specific Heat
22.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
22.4 Thermal Conductivity
22.5 Critical Temperature
23.2 Thermal Expansion
23.6 Enthalpy
23.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
23.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
23.6.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
23.7 Standard Molar Entropy