Potassium

Holmium

Potassium vs Holmium

Potassium

Holmium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

1NA

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

s block

f block

1.5 Element Family

Alkali

Lanthanide

1.6 CAS Number

74400977440600

7429905 54386242

1.8 Space Group Name

Im_ 3m

P63/mmc

1.9 Space Group Number

229.00194.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.

Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Humphry Davy

Marc Delafontaine

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1807

In 1878

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

3 * 10^-4 %5 * 10^-8 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0004 %~-9999 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites

0.07 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.5.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust

1.50 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.5.3 Abundance In Oceans

0.04 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.6.1 Abundance In Humans

0.20 %NA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.

Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Pharmaceutical Industry

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Nuclear Research

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Toxic

Low Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

2,100.00 p.p.m.NA

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

63.65 °C1,461.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

774.00 °C2,600.00 °C

147 5660

5.3 Appearance

5.3.1 Physical State

Solid

5.3.2 Color

Silvery Gray

Silvery White

5.3.3 Luster

Metallic

5.4 Hardness

5.4.1 Mohs Hardness

0.40NA

0.2 8.5

5.4.2 Brinell Hardness

0.36 MPa746.00 MPa

0.14 3490

5.9.2 Vickers Hardness

NA481.00 MPa

121 3430

6.2 Speed of Sound

2,000.00 m/s2,760.00 m/s

818 16200

6.3 Optical Properties

6.3.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

6.3.3 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

6.4 Allotropes

✔ ✘

6.4.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

6.4.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

6.4.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

7 Chemical

7.1 Chemical Formula

7.2 Isotopes

7.2.1 Known Isotopes

2034

0 38

7.3 Electronegativity

7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

0.821.23

0.7 2.54

7.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity

0.45NA

0.22 2.56

7.6.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

0.911.10

0.86 1.82

7.6.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

0.73NA

0.62 2.48

7.7.2 Allen Electronegativity

0.73NA

0.659 2.7

7.8 Electropositivity

7.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity

3.182.77

1.46 3.3

7.9 Ionization Energies

7.9.1 1st Energy Level

418.80 kJ/mol581.00 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

7.11.2 2nd Energy Level

3,052.00 kJ/mol1,140.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

7.11.3 3rd Energy Level

4,420.00 kJ/mol2,204.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

7.12.1 4th Energy Level

5,877.00 kJ/mol4,100.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

7.12.3 5th Energy Level

7,975.00 kJ/molNA

4305.2 97510

7.12.4 6th Energy Level

9,590.00 kJ/molNA

5715.8 105800

7.14.2 7th Energy level

11,343.00 kJ/molNA

7226.8 114300

7.14.3 8th Energy Level

14,944.00 kJ/molNA

8857.4 125300

7.15.1 9th Energy Level

16,963.70 kJ/molNA

14110 134700

7.16.1 10th Energy Level

48,610.00 kJ/molNA

17100 144300

7.16.2 11th Energy Level

54,490.00 kJ/molNA

19900 169988

7.18.1 12th Energy Level

60,730.00 kJ/molNA

22219 189368

9.1.2 13th Energy Level

68,950.00 kJ/molNA

26930 76015

9.1.3 14th Energy Level

75,900.00 kJ/molNA

29196 86450

9.1.7 15th Energy Level

83,080.00 kJ/molNA

41987 97510

9.1.9 16th Energy Level

93,400.00 kJ/molNA

47206 109480

9.1.10 17th Energy Level

99,710.00 kJ/molNA

52737 122200

9.3.3 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

9.3.4 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

9.4.1 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

9.4.3 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

9.5.2 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

9.5.3 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

9.5.4 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

9.5.7 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

9.5.8 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

9.5.9 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

9.6.2 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

10.1.1 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

10.1.2 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

10.2 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.46 g/amp-hr2.02 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

10.4 Electron Work Function

2.30 eVNA

2.14 5.65

10.6 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility

Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

11 Atomic

11.1 Atomic Number

1967

3 117

11.2 Electron Configuration

[Ar] 4s¹

[Xe] 4f¹¹ 6s²

11.3 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

11.3.1 Crystal Lattice

11.4 Atom

11.4.1 Number of Protons

1967

3 117

11.5.1 Number of Neutrons

2098

4 184

11.6.1 Number of Electrons

1967

3 117

12.2 Radius of an Atom

12.2.1 Atomic Radius

227.00 pm176.00 pm

112 265

12.2.2 Covalent Radius

203.00 pm192.00 pm

96 260

12.3.4 Van der Waals Radius

275.00 pm216.00 pm

139 348

12.4 Atomic Weight

39.10 amu164.93 amu

6.94 294

12.5 Atomic Volume

45.46 cm3/mol18.70 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

12.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

12.7.1 Previous Element

12.7.2 Next Element

12.8 Valence Electron Potential

10.40 (-eV)47.90 (-eV)

8 392.42

12.9 Lattice Constant

532.80 pm357.73 pm

228.58 891.25

12.10 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

12.11 Lattice C/A Ratio

NA1.57

1.567 1.886

13 Mechanical

13.1 Density

13.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

0.86 g/cm³8.79 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

13.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

0.83 g/cm38.34 g/cm3

0.512 20

14.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

14.4 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

14.6 Vapor Pressure

14.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

14.6.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

14.8 Elasticity properties

14.8.1 Shear Modulus

1.30 GPa26.30 GPa

1.3 222

14.9.1 Bulk Modulus

3.10 GPa40.20 GPa

1.6 462

14.10.2 Young's Modulus

3.53 GPa64.80 GPa

1.7 528

14.11 Poisson Ratio

NA0.23

0.032 0.47

14.12 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable, Sectile

15 Magnetic

15.1 Magnetic Characteristics

15.1.1 Specific Gravity

0.868.80

0.53 4500

15.2.1 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

15.2.2 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

15.2.3 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

15.3 Electrical Properties

15.3.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

15.3.2 Resistivity

72.00 nΩ·m814.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

15.3.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.14 10⁶/cm Ω0.01 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

15.3.4 Electron Affinity

48.40 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

16 Thermal

16.1 Specific Heat

0.75 J/(kg K)0.16 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

16.2 Molar Heat Capacity

29.60 J/mol·K27.15 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

16.3 Thermal Conductivity

102.50 W/m·K16.20 W/m·K

6.3 429

16.4 Critical Temperature

2,223.00 KNA

26.3 3223

16.5 Thermal Expansion

83.30 µm/(m·K)11.20 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

16.6 Enthalpy

16.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

77.50 kJ/mol241.00 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

16.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

2.32 kJ/mol11.76 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

16.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

89.50 kJ/mol301.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

16.7 Standard Molar Entropy

64.70 J/mol.K75.30 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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