Potassium

Holmium

Potassium vs Holmium

Potassium

Holmium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

1NA

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

s block

f block

1.5 Element Family

Alkali

Lanthanide

1.6 CAS Number

74400977440600

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Im_ 3m

P63/mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

229.00194.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.

Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Humphry Davy

Marc Delafontaine

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1807

In 1878

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

3 * 10^-4 %5 * 10^-8 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.4 Abundance In Sun

~0.0004 %~-9999 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Meteorites

0.07 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.9 Abundance In Earth's Crust

1.50 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.5.1 Abundance In Oceans

0.04 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.6.1 Abundance In Humans

0.20 %NA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.

Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Pharmaceutical Industry

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Nuclear Research

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Toxic

Low Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA

0 1970

4.1.1 In Bone

2,100.00 p.p.m.NA

0 170000

5 Physical

5.1 Melting Point

63.65 °C1,461.00 °C

27 3410

5.5 Boiling Point

774.00 °C2,600.00 °C

147 5660

5.6 Appearance

5.6.1 Physical State

Solid

5.6.2 Color

Silvery Gray

Silvery White

5.6.3 Luster

Metallic

5.7 Hardness

5.7.1 Mohs Hardness

0.40NA

0.2 8.5

5.7.3 Brinell Hardness

0.36 MPa746.00 MPa

0.14 3490

5.7.4 Vickers Hardness

NA481.00 MPa

121 3430

5.9 Speed of Sound

2,000.00 m/s2,760.00 m/s

818 16200

5.10 Optical Properties

5.10.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

5.10.3 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

5.12 Allotropes

✔ ✘

5.12.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

5.12.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

5.12.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

6 Chemical

6.1 Chemical Formula

6.2 Isotopes

6.2.1 Known Isotopes

2034

0 38

6.3 Electronegativity

6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

0.821.23

0.7 2.54

6.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity

0.45NA

0.22 2.56

6.6.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

0.911.10

0.86 1.82

6.6.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

0.73NA

0.62 2.48

6.7.1 Allen Electronegativity

0.73NA

0.659 2.7

7.2 Electropositivity

7.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity

3.182.77

1.46 3.3

7.3 Ionization Energies

7.3.1 1st Energy Level

418.80 kJ/mol581.00 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

7.3.2 2nd Energy Level

3,052.00 kJ/mol1,140.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

7.3.4 3rd Energy Level

4,420.00 kJ/mol2,204.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

7.3.5 4th Energy Level

5,877.00 kJ/mol4,100.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

7.4.1 5th Energy Level

7,975.00 kJ/molNA

4305.2 97510

7.5.1 6th Energy Level

9,590.00 kJ/molNA

5715.8 105800

7.6.2 7th Energy level

11,343.00 kJ/molNA

7226.8 114300

7.6.3 8th Energy Level

14,944.00 kJ/molNA

8857.4 125300

7.6.5 9th Energy Level

16,963.70 kJ/molNA

14110 134700

7.7.2 10th Energy Level

48,610.00 kJ/molNA

17100 144300

7.7.3 11th Energy Level

54,490.00 kJ/molNA

19900 169988

7.7.5 12th Energy Level

60,730.00 kJ/molNA

22219 189368

7.7.6 13th Energy Level

68,950.00 kJ/molNA

26930 76015

7.7.8 14th Energy Level

75,900.00 kJ/molNA

29196 86450

7.8.1 15th Energy Level

83,080.00 kJ/molNA

41987 97510

7.8.2 16th Energy Level

93,400.00 kJ/molNA

47206 109480

8.1.2 17th Energy Level

99,710.00 kJ/molNA

52737 122200

8.1.5 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

8.1.7 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

8.2.2 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

8.2.4 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

8.2.5 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

8.2.7 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

8.2.8 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

8.2.10 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

8.2.11 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

8.2.12 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

9.1.1 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

9.1.2 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

9.2.1 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

9.3 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.46 g/amp-hr2.02 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

9.5 Electron Work Function

2.30 eVNA

2.14 5.65

9.7 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility

Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

10 Atomic

10.1 Atomic Number

1967

3 117

10.3 Electron Configuration

[Ar] 4s¹

[Xe] 4f¹¹ 6s²

10.4 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

10.4.1 Crystal Lattice

10.5 Atom

10.5.1 Number of Protons

1967

3 117

10.5.2 Number of Neutrons

2098

4 184

10.6.2 Number of Electrons

1967

3 117

10.7 Radius of an Atom

10.7.1 Atomic Radius

227.00 pm176.00 pm

112 265

10.7.3 Covalent Radius

203.00 pm192.00 pm

96 260

10.7.4 Van der Waals Radius

275.00 pm216.00 pm

139 348

10.9 Atomic Weight

39.10 amu164.93 amu

6.94 294

10.10 Atomic Volume

45.46 cm3/mol18.70 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

10.11 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

10.11.1 Previous Element

10.11.2 Next Element

10.12 Valence Electron Potential

10.40 (-eV)47.90 (-eV)

8 392.42

10.13 Lattice Constant

532.80 pm357.73 pm

228.58 891.25

10.14 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

10.15 Lattice C/A Ratio

NA1.57

1.567 1.886

11 Mechanical

11.1 Density

11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

0.86 g/cm³8.79 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

0.83 g/cm38.34 g/cm3

0.512 20

11.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

11.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

11.4 Vapor Pressure

11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

11.5 Elasticity properties

11.5.1 Shear Modulus

1.30 GPa26.30 GPa

1.3 222

11.5.2 Bulk Modulus

3.10 GPa40.20 GPa

1.6 462

11.5.3 Young's Modulus

3.53 GPa64.80 GPa

1.7 528

11.6 Poisson Ratio

NA0.23

0.032 0.47

11.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable, Sectile

12 Magnetic

12.1 Magnetic Characteristics

12.1.1 Specific Gravity

0.868.80

0.53 4500

12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

12.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

12.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

12.2 Electrical Properties

12.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

12.2.2 Resistivity

72.00 nΩ·m814.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.14 10⁶/cm Ω0.01 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

12.2.4 Electron Affinity

48.40 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

13 Thermal

13.1 Specific Heat

0.75 J/(kg K)0.16 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

13.2 Molar Heat Capacity

29.60 J/mol·K27.15 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

13.3 Thermal Conductivity

102.50 W/m·K16.20 W/m·K

6.3 429

13.4 Critical Temperature

2,223.00 KNA

26.3 3223

13.5 Thermal Expansion

83.30 µm/(m·K)11.20 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

13.6 Enthalpy

13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

77.50 kJ/mol241.00 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

2.32 kJ/mol11.76 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

89.50 kJ/mol301.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

13.7 Standard Molar Entropy

64.70 J/mol.K75.30 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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