1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkaline Earth
1.6 CAS Number
74401007440417
7429905
54386242
1.3 Space Group Name
1.4 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
- Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Not Available
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %1 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.7.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.00000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.9.1 Abundance In Meteorites
2.9.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.4 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
-
This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
935.00 °C1,278.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C2,970.00 °C
147
5660
6.3 Appearance
6.3.1 Physical State
6.3.2 Color
6.3.3 Luster
6.4 Hardness
6.4.1 Mohs Hardness
6.4.3 Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa590.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.2.1 Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa1,670.00 MPa
121
3430
7.3 Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s12,890.00 m/s
818
16200
7.6 Optical Properties
7.6.1 Refractive Index
7.6.2 Reflectivity
7.7 Allotropes
7.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.3.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.4.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.5.2 Allen Electronegativity
9.3 Electropositivity
9.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.4 Ionization Energies
9.4.1 1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol899.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol1,757.10 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.4 3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol14,848.70 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.5.6 4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol21,006.60 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.5.8 5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
9.5.10 6th Energy Level
9.6.2 7th Energy level
9.7.2 8th Energy Level
9.7.4 9th Energy Level
9.7.6 10th Energy Level
9.7.8 11th Energy Level
9.7.10 12th Energy Level
9.7.12 13th Energy Level
9.7.14 14th Energy Level
9.7.16 15th Energy Level
9.7.18 16th Energy Level
9.7.20 17th Energy Level
9.7.22 18th Energy Level
9.7.24 19th Energy Level
9.7.26 20th Energy Level
9.7.28 21st Energy Level
9.7.29 22nd Energy Level
9.7.31 23rd Energy Level
9.7.32 24th Energy Level
9.7.34 25th Energy Level
9.7.36 26th Energy Level
9.7.37 27th Energy Level
9.7.39 28th Energy Level
9.7.41 29th Energy Level
9.7.42 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr0.17 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.4 Number of Neutrons
10.4.7 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
182.00 pm112.00 pm
112
265
10.6.1 Covalent Radius
10.7.1 Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm153.00 pm
139
348
10.8 Atomic Weight
140.91 amu9.01 amu
6.94
294
11.5 Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol5.00 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.6.1 Previous Element
11.6.2 Next Element
11.7 Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)82.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.8 Lattice Constant
367.25 pm228.58 pm
228.58
891.25
11.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm31.85 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.2.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm31.69 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.3 Tensile Strength
12.5 Viscosity
12.7 Vapor Pressure
12.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
12.7.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)NA
2.62E-10
774
12.10 Elasticity properties
12.10.1 Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa132.00 GPa
1.3
222
12.13.1 Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa130.00 GPa
1.6
462
13.1.2 Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa287.00 GPa
1.7
528
13.2 Poisson Ratio
13.4 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
14.2.2 Permeability
14.3.2 Susceptibility
14.4 Electrical Properties
14.4.1 Electrical Property
14.4.2 Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m36.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.5.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.31 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.5.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)1.82 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
15.3 Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K16.44 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.2 Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K200.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.3 Critical Temperature
16.5 Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)11.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
16.6 Enthalpy
16.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol294.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
16.6.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol11.72 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.1.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol326.40 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.3 Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K9.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1