1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.6 Block
1.7 Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
1.8 CAS Number
74401007440315
7429905
54386242
1.12 Space Group Name
1.13 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
- Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %4 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.10.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000009 %
1E-08
0.1
3.14.2 Abundance In Meteorites
3.18.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.20.3 Abundance In Oceans
3.25.1 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
-
This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
-
Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
6.1.3 Other Uses
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Non Toxic
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
NA0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
6.2.9 In Bone
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
935.00 °C231.90 °C
27
3410
7.5 Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C2,270.00 °C
147
5660
7.12 Appearance
7.12.1 Physical State
7.12.3 Color
Grayish White
Silvery White
7.12.4 Luster
7.13 Hardness
7.13.1 Mohs Hardness
7.16.4 Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa50.00 MPa
0.14
3490
8.2.1 Vickers Hardness
10.2 Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s2,730.00 m/s
818
16200
10.6 Optical Properties
10.6.1 Refractive Index
10.6.6 Reflectivity
10.7 Allotropes
10.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
10.7.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
White Tin (Beta Tin)
10.7.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
13.4 Electronegativity
13.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
13.10.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
13.16.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
15.1.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
15.4.2 Allen Electronegativity
15.11 Electropositivity
15.11.1 Pauling Electropositivity
16.2 Ionization Energies
16.2.1 1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol708.60 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
16.2.4 2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol1,411.80 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
16.3.3 3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol2,943.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
16.5.3 4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol3,930.30 kJ/mol
2780
37066
16.5.7 5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol7,456.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
16.6.2 6th Energy Level
17.2.1 7th Energy level
17.5.1 8th Energy Level
17.8.1 9th Energy Level
17.10.1 10th Energy Level
17.14.2 11th Energy Level
17.17.1 12th Energy Level
18.3.1 13th Energy Level
19.1.2 14th Energy Level
19.3.2 15th Energy Level
19.4.1 16th Energy Level
19.6.1 17th Energy Level
19.7.1 18th Energy Level
19.9.2 19th Energy Level
19.9.4 20th Energy Level
19.9.6 21st Energy Level
19.10.2 22nd Energy Level
19.11.1 23rd Energy Level
19.11.3 24th Energy Level
20.1.2 25th Energy Level
20.1.6 26th Energy Level
20.1.7 27th Energy Level
20.2.1 28th Energy Level
20.3.3 29th Energy Level
21.1.2 30th Energy Level
21.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr1.11 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
21.3 Electron Work Function
22.2 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Solubility
23 Atomic
23.1 Atomic Number
23.4 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
23.5 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
23.5.1 Crystal Lattice
23.6 Atom
23.6.1 Number of Protons
23.7.1 Number of Neutrons
23.8.1 Number of Electrons
24.2 Radius of an Atom
24.2.1 Atomic Radius
182.00 pm140.00 pm
112
265
24.4.1 Covalent Radius
203.00 pm139.00 pm
96
260
24.4.3 Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm217.00 pm
139
348
24.6 Atomic Weight
140.91 amu118.71 amu
6.94
294
24.9 Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol16.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
24.11 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
24.11.1 Previous Element
24.11.2 Next Element
24.12 Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)83.50 (-eV)
8
392.42
24.14 Lattice Constant
367.25 pm583.18 pm
228.58
891.25
24.15 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
24.16 Lattice C/A Ratio
25 Mechanical
25.1 Density
25.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm37.37 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
25.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm36.99 g/cm3
0.512
20
25.2 Tensile Strength
25.4 Viscosity
25.5 Vapor Pressure
25.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
25.5.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)NA
2.62E-10
774
25.6 Elasticity properties
25.6.1 Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa18.00 GPa
1.3
222
25.6.2 Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa58.00 GPa
1.6
462
25.6.3 Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa50.00 GPa
1.7
528
25.7 Poisson Ratio
25.8 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
26 Magnetic
26.1 Magnetic Characteristics
26.1.1 Specific Gravity
26.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
26.1.3 Permeability
26.1.4 Susceptibility
26.2 Electrical Properties
26.2.1 Electrical Property
26.2.2 Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m115.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
26.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.09 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
26.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol107.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
27 Thermal
27.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
27.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K27.11 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
27.3 Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K66.80 W/m·K
6.3
429
27.4 Critical Temperature
27.5 Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)22.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
27.6 Enthalpy
27.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol290.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
27.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol7.03 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
27.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol301.30 kJ/mol
61.5
837
27.7 Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K51.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1