1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.2 Period Number
2.9 Block
2.10 Element Family
2.11 CAS Number
74401227440520
7429905
54386242
1.3 Space Group Name
1.4 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining
3.4 History
3.4.1 Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Carl Gustaf Mosander
3.4.2 Discovery
3.5 Abundance
3.5.1 Abundance In Universe
1.2.3 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
1.6.4 Abundance In Meteorites
1.11.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.6 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
6.1.2 Medical Uses
6.1.3 Other Uses
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
7.2.6 In Bone
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
1,042.00 °C1,522.00 °C
27
3410
9.3 Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C2,510.00 °C
147
5660
9.4 Appearance
9.4.1 Physical State
9.4.3 Color
9.4.4 Luster
9.5 Hardness
9.5.1 Mohs Hardness
10.2.4 Brinell Hardness
10.5.2 Vickers Hardness
12.2 Speed of Sound
13.6 Optical Properties
13.6.1 Refractive Index
14.1.1 Reflectivity
15.3 Allotropes
15.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
15.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
15.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
16 Chemical
16.1 Chemical Formula
16.2 Isotopes
16.2.1 Known Isotopes
16.8 Electronegativity
16.8.1 Pauling Electronegativity
16.11.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
16.12.6 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
16.13.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
17.4.2 Allen Electronegativity
17.8 Electropositivity
17.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
17.11 Ionization Energies
17.11.1 1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol589.30 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
18.4.2 2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol1,150.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
18.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol2,194.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
19.2.2 4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol4,120.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
20.1.4 5th Energy Level
20.2.4 6th Energy Level
20.3.2 7th Energy level
20.5.2 8th Energy Level
20.6.2 9th Energy Level
20.7.2 10th Energy Level
20.8.4 11th Energy Level
20.10.3 12th Energy Level
20.11.2 13th Energy Level
20.12.2 14th Energy Level
20.12.7 15th Energy Level
20.13.1 16th Energy Level
20.13.5 17th Energy Level
21.1.3 18th Energy Level
21.1.9 19th Energy Level
21.1.10 20th Energy Level
21.1.14 21st Energy Level
21.1.15 22nd Energy Level
21.1.19 23rd Energy Level
21.1.21 24th Energy Level
21.1.24 25th Energy Level
21.1.27 26th Energy Level
21.1.30 27th Energy Level
21.1.33 28th Energy Level
21.1.36 29th Energy Level
21.1.38 30th Energy Level
21.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr2.08 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
21.3 Electron Work Function
21.4 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
22 Atomic
22.1 Atomic Number
22.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
22.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
22.3.1 Crystal Lattice
22.4 Atom
22.4.1 Number of Protons
22.4.6 Number of Neutrons
22.4.13 Number of Electrons
22.6 Radius of an Atom
22.6.1 Atomic Radius
183.00 pm176.00 pm
112
265
22.7.3 Covalent Radius
199.00 pm189.00 pm
96
260
22.8.4 Van der Waals Radius
23.2 Atomic Weight
145.00 amu167.26 amu
6.94
294
23.7 Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol18.40 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
24.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
24.2.1 Previous Element
24.2.2 Next Element
24.3 Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)49.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
25.3 Lattice Constant
NA355.88 pm
228.58
891.25
25.5 Lattice Angles
25.7 Lattice C/A Ratio
26 Mechanical
26.1 Density
26.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm39.07 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
26.3.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
26.5 Tensile Strength
26.8 Viscosity
26.10 Vapor Pressure
26.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
26.12.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
26.15 Elasticity properties
26.15.1 Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa28.30 GPa
1.3
222
26.18.1 Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa44.40 GPa
1.6
462
27.5.1 Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa69.90 GPa
1.7
528
28.7 Poisson Ratio
28.9 Other Mechanical Properties
29 Magnetic
29.1 Magnetic Characteristics
29.1.1 Specific Gravity
29.1.4 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
29.1.5 Permeability
29.4.1 Susceptibility
30.3 Electrical Properties
30.3.1 Electrical Property
30.3.2 Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m0.86 nΩ·m
0.18
961
30.6.2 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
31.1.1 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
32 Thermal
32.2 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)0.17 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
32.8 Molar Heat Capacity
NA28.12 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
32.9 Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K14.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
32.12 Critical Temperature
32.16 Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)12.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
33.3 Enthalpy
33.3.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA261.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
33.3.6 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol17.20 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
34.1.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol314.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
35.2 Standard Molar Entropy
NA73.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1