1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74401227440575
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Unknown
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
1.2.1 In Bone
2 Physical
2.1 Melting Point
1,042.00 °C1,064.43 °C
27
3410
2.3 Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C2,807.00 °C
147
5660
2.7 Appearance
2.7.1 Physical State
2.7.2 Color
2.7.3 Luster
2.8 Hardness
2.8.1 Mohs Hardness
2.10.1 Brinell Hardness
1.2.1 Vickers Hardness
1.3 Speed of Sound
2.5 Optical Properties
2.5.1 Refractive Index
2.6.1 Reflectivity
2.7 Allotropes
2.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3 Chemical
3.1 Chemical Formula
3.2 Isotopes
3.2.1 Known Isotopes
3.6 Electronegativity
3.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity
3.6.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
3.8.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
4.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
4.4.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.3 Electropositivity
5.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.4 Ionization Energies
5.4.1 1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol890.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.4.4 2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol1,980.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.2.4 3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/molNA
1600
34230
8.1.1 4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
8.4.1 5th Energy Level
8.6.2 6th Energy Level
8.6.5 7th Energy level
8.7.2 8th Energy Level
8.9.2 9th Energy Level
9.3.4 10th Energy Level
10.4.2 11th Energy Level
10.4.6 12th Energy Level
10.4.10 13th Energy Level
10.5.2 14th Energy Level
10.8.3 15th Energy Level
10.8.7 16th Energy Level
10.8.11 17th Energy Level
10.8.15 18th Energy Level
10.8.18 19th Energy Level
10.8.23 20th Energy Level
10.8.26 21st Energy Level
10.8.29 22nd Energy Level
10.8.30 23rd Energy Level
10.8.33 24th Energy Level
10.8.36 25th Energy Level
10.8.39 26th Energy Level
10.8.42 27th Energy Level
10.8.44 28th Energy Level
10.8.48 29th Energy Level
10.8.51 30th Energy Level
10.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr2.45 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.10 Electron Work Function
10.11 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
11.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
11.4 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
11.4.1 Crystal Lattice
11.5 Atom
11.5.1 Number of Protons
12.1.2 Number of Neutrons
12.5.2 Number of Electrons
12.7 Radius of an Atom
12.7.1 Atomic Radius
183.00 pm151.00 pm
112
265
13.1.2 Covalent Radius
199.00 pm144.00 pm
96
260
13.4.3 Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm166.00 pm
139
348
13.6 Atomic Weight
145.00 amu196.97 amu
6.94
294
13.10 Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol10.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.15 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.15.1 Previous Element
13.15.2 Next Element
13.16 Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)43.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
14.3 Lattice Constant
NA407.82 pm
228.58
891.25
14.4 Lattice Angles
14.5 Lattice C/A Ratio
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm319.30 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.7 Tensile Strength
15.8 Viscosity
15.10 Vapor Pressure
15.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.13.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA67.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
16.2 Elasticity properties
16.2.1 Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa27.00 GPa
1.3
222
16.2.3 Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa180.00 GPa
1.6
462
16.2.6 Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa79.00 GPa
1.7
528
16.5 Poisson Ratio
17.3 Other Mechanical Properties
18 Magnetic
18.1 Magnetic Characteristics
18.1.1 Specific Gravity
18.2.4 Magnetic Ordering
18.2.5 Permeability
18.2.8 Susceptibility
18.4 Electrical Properties
18.4.1 Electrical Property
18.4.2 Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m2.20 nΩ·m
0.18
961
18.5.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.45 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
18.5.6 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol222.80 kJ/mol
0
222.8
20 Thermal
20.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
20.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA25.42 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
20.4 Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K318.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
20.7 Critical Temperature
21.3 Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)14.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
21.6 Enthalpy
21.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA324.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
21.7.4 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol12.55 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
21.7.6 Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol364.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
21.9 Standard Molar Entropy
NA47.40 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1